Raja Rao Essay Example

Raja Rao Essay Raja Rao From Wikipedia, the free reference book Jump to: route, search There are numerous individuals with the name Raja Rao. For example, there may be an other raja rao with different renowned achievements. Kindly don't consider this as if THIS Raja Rao isn't renowned however ther may be different well known individuals with the name. It would be ideal if you keep on perusing this article. Raja Rao (Kannada: ) (November 8, 1908 †July 8, 2006) was an Indian essayist of English language books and short stories, whose works are profoundly established in Hinduism. Raja Raos semi-personal novel, The Serpent and the Rope (1960), is an account of a quest for profound truth in Europe and India. It built up him as one of the best Indian beauticians. Contents[hide] * 1 Early life and vocation * 2 Nationalist Novelist * 3 Later years * 4 Notes * 5 Bibliography * 6 Web References * 7 External links| [edit] Early life and profession Raja Rao was conceived on November 8, 1908 in Hassan, in the province of Mysore (presently Karnataka) in South India, into a notable Brahmin (Hoysala Karnataka) family. He was the oldest of nine kin two siblings and seven sisters. His local language was Kannada, yet his post-graduate instruction was in France, and every one of his distributions in book structure have been in English. His dad showed Kannada at Nizams College in what was then Hyderabad State. The passing of his mom, when he was four, left an enduring impact on the writer the nonattendance of a mother and orphanhood are repeating topics in his work . Another impact from early life was his granddad, with whom he remained in Hassan and Harihalli. Rao was taught at Muslim schools, the Madarsa-e-Aliya in Hyderabad and the Aligarh Muslim University, where he became companions with Ahmed Ali. We will compose a custom exposition test on Raja Rao explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Raja Rao explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Raja Rao explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer He started learning French at the University. After registration in 1927, Rao came back to Hyderabad and read for his degree at Nizams College. After graduation from Madras University, having studied English and History, he won the Asiatic Scholarship of the Government of Hyderabad in 1929, for concentrate abroad. Rao moved to the University of Montpellier in France. He contemplated French language and writing, and later at the Sorbonne in Paris, he investigated the Indian impact on Irish writing. He wedded Camille Mouly, who showed French at Montpellier, in 1931. The marriage went on until 1939. Later he portrayed the breakdown of their marriage in The Serpent and the Rope. Rao distributed his first stories in French and English. During 1931-32 he contributed four articles written in Kannada for Jaya Karnataka, a powerful diary. [edit] Nationalist Novelist Returning to India in 1939, he altered with Iqbal Singh, Changing India, a collection of current Indian idea from Ram Mohan Roy to Jawaharlal Nehru. He took an interest in the Quit India Movement of 1942. In 1943-1944 he coedited with Ahmed Ali a diary from Bombay called Tomorrow. He was the central player in the development of a social association, Sri Vidya Samiti, dedicated to resuscitating the estimations of antiquated Indian human progress; this association flopped not long after beginning. In Bombay, he was likewise connected with Chetana, a social society for the proliferation of Indian idea and qualities. Raos association in the patriot development is reflected in his initial two books. The epic Kanthapura (1938) was a record of the effect of Gandhis instructing on peaceful obstruction against the British. The story is seen from the point of view of a little Mysore town in South India. Rao gets the style and structure from Indian vernacular stories and people epic. Rao came back to the subject of Gandhism in the short story assortment The Cow of the Barricades (1947). In 1998 he distributed Gandhis account Great Indian Way: A Life of Mahatma Gandhi. In 1988 he got the renowned International Neustadt Prize for Literature. The Serpent and the Rope was composed after a long quietness during which Rao came back to India. The work sensationalized the connections among Indian and Western culture. The snake in the title alludes to deception and the rope to the real world. 1] Cat and Shakespeare (1965) was a supernatural parody that addressed philosophical inquiries presented in the prior books. [edit] Later years Rao moved to the United States and instructed at the University of Texas at Austin from 1966 to 1983, when he resigned as Emeritus Professor. Courses he showed included Marxism to Gandhism, Mahayana Buddhism, Indian way of thinking: The Upanishads, Indian way of thinking: The Metaphysical Basis of the Male and Female Principle. In 1965, he wedded Katherine Jones, an American stage entertainer. They have one child, Christopher Rama. In 1986, after his separation rom Katherine, Rao wedded his third spouse, Susan, whom he met when she was an understudy at the University of Texas during the 1970s. Rao passed on July 8, 2006 at Austin, Texas, at 97 years old. [2] [3] [4] USE OF INDIAN SENSIBILITY IN RAJA RAOS NOVEL: Indian Method of Story-telling: The strategy for depicting of the novel is distinctively Indian. The Indian grandma can be viewed as the soonest and generally average of narrators. Achkka is the narrator of the novel, who is much the same as a grandma. She recounts to the story to each new comer to Kanthapura. As indicated by Raja Rao, â€Å"Achakka’s exceedingly long sentences, utilization of spaces, and articulations like ‘this’ and ‘that’, ‘here and there’ are significant. She gives us complete character-sketch of Sankar, Bhatt and Rangamma. They are a lot of educational, just as essential for the story. Along these lines, one scene prompts another, thus the story will in general be on and on long. This likewise makes the portrayal long winded. There are such a significant number of scenes in the novel. In this manner, the portrayal is described by verbosity and chattiness, which are the highlights of the Indian fables. Raja Rao needed to pressure this respected convention. Accordingly he didn’t feel it important to partition the novel into sections. In his Foreword to Kanthapura Raja Rao explains that the novel is to be decided concerning the customary Indian convention and not regarding Western techniques for narrating and hypotheses and of the novel composition. Utilization of Religion: Indian way of thinking is fundamentally strict and even governmental issues is additionally spiritualized in India. India’s such huge numbers of conspicuous social reformers and political pioneers were incredible strict figures. In India, common and political objectives have been achieved with the assistance of otherworldly exercises. Something very similar occurs in the novel, on account of Gandhi and his opportunity battle. As indicated by a Narsimhaiah, â€Å"there are at any rate three strands of involvement with the novel: the political, the strict and the social. † To the uneducated townspeople, Kenchamma is a sort and accommodating goddess. Their mentality is very strict. As the story advances the three strings of experience become one: the strict, social and policy centered issues become very much the same. Subject of Shakti Worship: Shakti-revere is a fundamentally Indian topic and it is available all through the novel. In this Gandhian opportunity battle, the women of the Kanthapura assume a key job. The creator has painted them as vivacious types of Shakti. It very well may be said that Indian ladies are strong as rock, and they can without much of a stretch bear the torment. Shakti(energy) ascends in them, and every one of them is motivated at a specific time. One perceptible thing in the novel is that in the last period of peaceful battle, it is a woman named Ratna, who takes over from Moorthy and leads the development. Utilization of Indian likenesses, adages and Idioms: Raja Rao is ace in utilizing Indian comparisons, maxims and sayings in his composition. He utilizes Indian sayings and analogies to make a consciousness of laborers. In the vast majority of his works, he hadn’t utilized â€Å"Babu English†. He utilizes English words as per his requests. The language of the novel is overflowed with the Indian expressions, Indian comparisons and natural shading. You can discover such a large number of sentences in the novel that are actually made an interpretation of from Kannada into English. Now and again, there is separating of the English sentence structure to communicate passionate unsettling influences and sentiments. Numerous words are taken from nearby Indian dialects. The creator has utilized them ‘as they are’. He didn’t feel it important to make an interpretation of them into English. In the novel, you can get words likeAhimsa, Dhoti, Harikatha, Mandap and so forth. Raja Rao has over and again utilized town precepts, and fables as per his necessity. For instance, (1) Every squirrel has his day, (2) our hearts beat like the wings of bats, (3) but then he was as genuine as an elephant, (4) the most youthful is consistently the heavenly bull, (5) does a pig remain before a lion or a jackal before an elephant? In like manner, you can discover such huge numbers of precepts and expressions from the language of ignorant individuals in the novel. For instance: (1) The police officers are not your uncle’s children, (2) the principal little girl drains the cow when the mother is sick, (3) saw you like a rat on your mother’s lap, (4) there is neither man nor mosquito in Kanthapura (5) you can't fix a dog’s tail, (6) land, desire and wifely dedication go seriously together. Now and then Raja Rao doesn’t delay to utilize an inconsiderate and hostile language of the locals. He utilizes this kind of language when it is important. However, his utilization of this sort of language is increasingly controlled and reasonable. [edit] Notes 1. Nobel laureate Czeslaw Milosz distributed his lone sonnet in the English language for Raja Rao. 2. He was granted Indias third most elevated regular citizen grant, Padma Bhushan

MBA Change Management Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the MBA Change Management. Answer: The change the board reflected upon here follows the intercession by HRM in my present association dependent on sex value as far as determination, enlistment, advancement the executives and administration in the association whereby more females are to be remembered for such regions. The reflection will be guided towards three wellsprings of protection from this change including hesitance to lose control, inclination for low degrees of incitement and curiosity, and hesitance to surrender old propensities. The HRM got a ton of obstruction coming for the most part from the male partners possessing the administration and the board position who considered the to be activity as a danger to them losing control and surrendering their old propensities for initiative and the board (Vuori, 2016). I recall when the HRM began this activity, the venture group thought of a heap of issues to advance numerous ladies into initiative and the executives positions and furthermore to choose and enroll more ladies into senior and official positions. For instance, the male workers both in junior and senior positions quickly ganged facing the HR division and framed a gathering to foil any endeavor to have increasingly female partners remembered for the positions they were by and by holding. Their primary dispute was that they were utilized into old propensities for generalizing ladies. They contradicted this since they were generalizing ladies as less gainful and the individuals who have a place with junior and easygoing works. Because of the dread of losing their control, they, along these lines, promised at all expense to ruin this activity. The initiative and the executives positions are a protect exclusively for old male who are utilized to old methods of getting things done. They restricted the activity since they had overpowering inclination for low degrees of incitement and curiosity. They expected that youthful and imaginative ladies who were proposed to be advanced into the executives and authority positions would be a genuine danger to them and will make them lose positions. This is on the grounds that these positions were held by male partners who were just used to old style of the board and they would not like to surrender their profoundly established old propensities for the board and initiative. They expected that the imaginative ladies will get new thoughts of the board and authority like communitarian and shared initiative which will mean they will have more help from the lesser. This, to them, would mean them losing order and control and consequently the clarification for the energetic protection from this change activity. Likewise, they expected that the ladies could be progressively gainful on the grounds that they would do this to draw in advancement. This was a danger to them since guys had a programmed possibility of being advanced in the association even without the need to work all the more profitably. Therefore they contended that by having more ladies being chosen and selected, their lesser and official positions will be under danger. This is on the grounds that they would be compelled to surrender their old working propensities and furthermore begin striving to be advanced. Also, on the grounds that the male partners had never been utilized to the advancement dependent on profitability and execution, this was a wellspring of their restriction and obstruction as they were certain this would urge them to change their typical old propensities. The senior administration bunch additionally dreaded they will lose control and this was the explanation they restricted the activity. For instance, at present, administrators are all the more securing in the association and have amassed a great deal of control. They utilize their situations as a way to get matchless quality titles in the association. The lesser specialists dread them incredibly and thus would consistently do anything they state even it is against the goal, objectives and techniques of the association. For this reasons, administrators are dreaded in the association and along these lines they need to hold such controls. In this way, by having progressively creative ladies taking up senior and official positions, these male directors dread that their orders and control will be quick disintegrating. Very much aware of this, the administrators have promised to oppose any activity centered at deposing them from their controls (Winiecki, 2013). Their restriction and opposi tion was an incredible danger to the achievement of this change the board activity. I recall the venture group holding continuous gatherings with the administration attempting to persuade them to embrace it however each time they would down their devices and stand up to. In a similar vein, the male partners in the authority position restricted the activity. Their fundamental danger was that creative and young ladies have better approaches for driving where the contribution of everybody is mulled over rather than the old propensities for the present harvest of male pioneers in the association. By this, the pioneers are more than persuaded that if this activity is permitted, they would lose their initiative positions and henceforth lose control (Ceptureanu, 2015). Thus, they had no alternative however to group up and join the chiefs to put any snags that would hamper this activity. For sure, the male chiefs even went out their approaches to prompt the lesser male partners to go along with them in opposition revealing to them that they will have less chances to be advanced should they permit the activity to experience. This made a genuine revolt in the association that the undertaking group turned out to be progressively unfit to try and hold gatherings with the lesser male representatives to clarify the requirement for the change and its latent capacity benefits not exclusively to the association however even the whole workforce. Having been affected by the initiative, the lesser male workers were persuaded that solitary female will be elevated because of governmental policy regarding minorities in society that the HRM had adjusted. Since, they favored low degrees of incitement and oddity, they likewise pledged to oppose the activity. This was on the grounds that the lesser male staff were additionally peering toward at the couple of advancement spaces in the association which at that point could have moved them to either initiative or the executives position where they could have control (Burnes, 2015). Along these lines they were persuaded that their possibility of advancement would be improbable if the activity was to succeed. Along these lines they immediately joined the effectively apparent opposing administration and the board gatherings. This pith implied that the undertaking group couldn't work as proposed. In spite of the undertaking group disclosing to them that the advancement would not be founded on either sexual orientation, however the efficiency or execution of every worker, they would not like to hear any of such contentions. To them, they had focused on contradict the change having been adversely impacted by the kindred male pioneers and directors only to egotistically safeguard their future advancements (Bareil, 2013). This was additionally intensified their hesitance to surrender old propensities whereby they had consistently seen ladies as individuals who ought to consistently work under the oversight of men. The HRM had no alternative yet to stop the activity as the overarching condition was never bolstered and pledged to participate in enormous starting meeting with all the partners before bringing the issue up again later on. In any case, the ladies who had been utilized in the association felt a lot of frustrated with their kindred male partners. They, be that as it may, pledged to seek after value utilizing all meanses imaginable regardless of whether it implied going to court. References Bareil, C. (2013). Two Paradigms about Resistance to Change. Association Development Journal, 31(3). Burnes, B. (2015). Understanding protection from changebuilding on Coch and French. Diary of Change Management, 15(2), 92-116. Ceptureanu, E. G. (2015). Overview Regarding Resistance To Change In Romanian Innovative Smes From It Sector. Diary Of Applied Quantitative Methods, 10(1). Vuori, T. (2016). Shaul Oreg and Jacob Goldenberg: Resistance to Innovation: Its Sources and Manifestations. Winiecki, J. (2013). Protection from Change in the Soviet Economic System (Routledge Revivals): A Property Rights Approach. Routledge.

Panic Attacks and Shortness of Breath

Panic Attacks and Shortness of Breath Panic Disorder Symptoms Print Shortness of Breath and Panic Attacks Learn how to breathe easier during panic attacks By Katharina Star, PhD facebook linkedin Katharina Star, PhD, is an expert on anxiety and panic disorder. Dr. Star is a professional counselor, and she is trained in creative art therapies and mindfulness. Learn about our editorial policy Katharina Star, PhD Medically reviewed by a board-certified physician Updated on June 24, 2019 STEEX / E+ / Getty Images More in Panic Disorder Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Coping Related Conditions If you have panic disorder, youre likely familiar with the  symptoms of panic attacks. Heart palpitations, trembling, shaking, numbness, and tingling are just some of the uncomfortable sensations often experienced during a panic attack.?? Shortness of breath is another common symptom of panic attacks that can lead to feelings of fear and extreme discomfort. Panic attack sufferers often describe  an inability to breathe, feeling as if they cant get enough air into their lungs. Others report that it feels as if theyre choking or suffocating.?? When experiencing shortness of breath, you may try hard to get breath into your body by taking in gasps of air. Its not uncommon for you to feel as though youre having a serious medical emergency, such as a stroke or heart attack. Even though shortness of breath is a common symptom and rarely signifies a medical issue, it can heighten feelings of fear and anxiety during a panic attack. Why It Feels As Though You Can’t Breathe The flight-or-fight stress response is a term used to describe the innate human reaction to potentially harmful situations. Its believed this reaction helped our ancestors to either flee from or ward off threats in their environment. In modern life, this response may occur in reaction to stress caused by common issues, such as traffic, work deadlines, or an argument with a loved one.?? The fight-or-flight response may be overactive or more easily triggered in people with anxiety disorders, contributing to overwhelming physical symptoms of panic and anxiety. During a panic attack, this response becomes activated, signaling that youre in danger. The body prepares for a quick escape or combat through somatic (physical) sensations that help the body focus on one of these two tasks.?? As the flight-or-fight response sets in during a panic attack, it can cause a change in your breathing pattern. Your breathing may become shallower, quicker, and more restricted. These changes can reduce the amount of carbon dioxide circulating through the blood. By decreasing the levels of carbon dioxide, shortness of breath may contribute to additional physical symptoms, including lightheadedness, chest pain, dizziness,  and faintness.?? Ways to Cope There are a couple of ways to help manage breathing issues during a panic attack: Breathing Exercises: As mentioned, your breathing pattern changes when you experience shortness of breath. To get your breathing back on track, it may be helpful to purposely focus on your breathing pattern. You may notice that your breaths are quick and erratic. A deep-breathing exercise can help you calm down and normalize your breathing pattern.??  Begin by slowing down your breath: Take a deep inhalation through your nose, filling your lungs with breath. When you cant take in any more air, slowly exhale all the air out through your mouth. Continue for a few minutes with this deep, purposeful breathing. Notice how your center rises as you inhale and contracts as you breathe out. Through this simple breathing exercise, you may begin to feel relaxed and return to a more natural breath.Relaxation Techniques: Breathing exercises are the foundation for many other relaxation techniques, such as progressive muscle relaxation (PMR), meditation,  and visualization.?? These techniques are m eant to reduce feelings of tension and stress by eliciting a sense of calm. Relaxation techniques work best when practiced regularly, including at times when youre not feeling anxious. Through practice and persistence, relaxation techniques can be an effective strategy for getting through panic attacks. Seeking Professional Help If youre regularly experiencing shortness of breath during panic attacks, its important to seek medical attention. Although commonly associated with panic disorder, panic attacks are also often experienced with other anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social anxiety disorder (SAD), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Only your doctor or qualified mental health professional will be able to appropriately diagnose you. Your doctor will help you form a treatment plan that may include options such as prescribed medications, psychotherapy, and self-help techniques.

Mary Boykin Miller An American Diarist And Writer During...

Mary Boykin Chesnut was born March 31, 1823 in Stateburg, South Carolina. She was an American diarist and writer during the Civil War was in session. Her birth name was Mary Boykin Miller, oldest daughter of Mary Boykin Miller and Stephen Decatur Miller. The Miller family was a wealthy owner of a plantation. Plantation had a large farm with resident workers and slaves. Her father was a politician who supported states` rights over the national government and set their own policies and having the power to legalize slavery. Her family and she moved from South Carolina to capital city of Columbia and then returned to Camden. In Camden she began attending school at the age of ten years old. At the age of Thirteen she was sent to a Madame Talvande`s French School for Young Ladies in Charleston, South Carolina. In 1836 she meets her husband James Chesnut Jr when he was on a visit with his niece. Over the years he showed love attractions with her. James Chesnut Jr is a Princeton University Graduate. Mary returned to Camden in 1838 when her when her dad died. James and Mary got married on April 23, 1840 at the age of seventeen and settled outside of Camden. (Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2015) James Chesnut and Mary Boykin Chesnut spent 20 years in Camden and then James was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1858 and served as a confederacy aide of Jefferson Davis. He moved down to the very highest circles of southern society and took Mary with him (Civil War Trust, 2014). During the

The Cuckoo s Effect On Adolescent Minds - 1440 Words

Ken Kesey s Cuckoo Effect On Adolescent Minds One Flew Over the Cuckoo s Nest is a staple in American literature; however, the mature elements in the novel make it difficult for certain readers to enjoy. As maturity levels differ for different readers, the novel is not permitted in certain schools. Considering the great value in this novel, there is some controversy as to whether the book should be banned from school curricula. The age of the students studying this book plays an important role in whether reading Kesey s novel is appropriate for middle school students. Although the vulgarity and profanity present in One Flew Over the Cuckoo s Nest is questionable for middle schoolers, it serves as quality reading material for high†¦show more content†¦Parents may be uncomfortable with the material due to the negative repercussions of children s exposure to profanity. Neal Harmon, CEO of VidAngel, addresses the effect of profanity on young minds: â€Å"Thoughts become words t hat can become actions. Societies break down once they turn to violence or theft or sexual crimes. That’s a progression of the words (qtd. in Johnson). Exposing young students to this risk can have dire effects on the education system and the generation as a whole. It is much smarter and more respectful for schools to wait until high school before permitting or encouraging this novel in a curriculum. Although middle school students lack the maturity to handle such an adult book, high school is a different story. One Flew Over the Cuckoo s Nest should be permitted for high school students due to the morals in the novel and its positive effect on readers, as well as an increased maturity level of the students and the lack of effect profanity has on adolescents. According to a study led by the American Academy of Pediatrics, the amount of profanity one encounters in media has an effect on the amount of profanity one uses and the amount of violence and aggression used in everyday life. However, one s beliefs have the ability to cancel that reaction (Coyne). It is highly possible that middle schoolers have not developed enough to have any deeply held beliefs about profanity. This is because middle school students are not of an age to haveShow MoreRelatedGeorge Orwell s One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest2635 Words   |  11 PagesGrace Wang Period 3 Humanities V 4/17/2015 Defending Controversial Novels Essay Draft Kesey Flew East, His Critics Fly West: They’ve All Missed the Merit in the Cuckoo’s Nest â€Å"There s something about taking a plow and breaking new ground. It gives you energy† (Kesey qtd. in Sova 244). This energy, however, comes with a cost, as demonstrated by Kesey’s revolutionary novel One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest. In the process of writing the book, Kesey embarked with ambitious goal of ultimately reshapingRead MoreInternet Security Overview9605 Words   |  39 Pagesauthorization. Authentication is proving that a user is whom he or she claims to be. That proof may involve something the user knows (such as a password), something the user has (such as a smartcard), or something about the user that proves the person s identity (such as a fingerprint). Authorization is the act of determining whether a particular user (or computer system) has the right to carry out a certain activity, such as reading a file or running a program. Authentication and authorization go handRead MoreThe Effect of Student Attitudes and Beliefs on Mathematics Educatio n29432 Words   |  118 Pagesabout the presence of factor that may facilitate or impede performance of the behaviour District INSET centre: An institution which has been chosen as a centre for in servicing of mathematics and science teachers at the district level Impact : Any effect, whether anticipated or unanticipated, positive or negative, brought about by an intervention .

Bottled Water in Australia Free Essays

Bling h2o is a high end or â€Å"Super Luxury† bottled water product created by Kevin G Boyd a Hollywood producer / designer. Bling h2o costs from $US35. 00 to $US2,600. We will write a custom essay sample on Bottled Water in Australia or any similar topic only for you Order Now 00 per bottle and the water is bottled into glass bottles studded with Swarovski crystals. Bling has been featured on MTV music awards and The Emmys and on it’s website refers to itself as the Rolls Royce of bottled water. To identify the potential consumers in Australia we need to look at the target market and market segments bling are looking to fulfill. The premium status, and pricing, that bling put on their product would narrow the geographic segment to the economic centers of Australia, which Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane. A geographic segmentation is identifying and analysing the location that a company is looking to move into. In Australia a potential geographic profile would start at the state level, then move into cities, then if necessary a municipal level to identify potential consumer (Kotler, P. , Adam, S. , Denize, S. , Armstrong, G. 2009), The demographic make-up of a potential market is made up of the age group, income, occupation, gender, race, education and religion. Demographic segmentation is a popular form of analysis and very important part of identifying the size and methods of communicating with a target market. (Kotler et al, 2009) After reviewing the media on bling and the website the demographic profile for bling would be 20 – 35 year old age bracket with a high level of income. This is supported by bling’s involvement with MTV, The Emmy’s and the price of their product. The psychographic and behavioural segmentation bling would be looking at is a benefits viewpoint (Kotler et al, 2009). The benefits class is the benefits the user perceives to obtaining by using the product. The benefits from bling h2o are that of social status and class by drinking bling users would be setting themselves apart. From the marketing segmentation identified bling would be looking at a young high income earners who place a high importance on their external image. Along with targeting the these individuals, 5 star hotels and up market nightclubs would also be consumers of these products due the overlapping target market and perceived image they are looking to convey. This is identified by bling themselves on their ebsite where Boyd had the idea whilst observing celebrities and how each of them treated the bottled water they drunk In 2004 – 2005 Australians consumed about 550 million litres of bottled water, with worldwide consumption growing 57% from 1999 to 154 billion litres. (Munro 2006). The main industry body in Australia is the ABWI which was established 10 years ago and clai ms its objectives are to promote awareness and use of bottled water, and to ensure that consumers have safe good tasting water. The ABWI boasts member such as Coca- Cola Amatil Ltd and Schweppes Australia ttp://www. bottledwater. org. au/scripts/cgiip. exe/WService=ASP0003/ccms. r? Roxy=0x0002f062=10007 Bottled water is being looked at as a serious environmental issue. The main packaging for bottled water is plastic, which is made from fossil fuels and Australia uses 314,000 barrels of oil in bottling water each year (Koutsoukis, 2007) Although the plastic bottled water comes in is recyclable, Australians are only recycling around 35% of the bottled water they purchases, 55% goes to landfill which accounts for 70,000 tonnes of plastic waste. Koutsoukis, 2007) (Munro 2006). It is been seen as such an environmental issue that Bundanoon, a small town in NSW, has banned the sale of bottled water in its stores when a company was looking to extract water from their underground reservoir, and claims to be the first town in the world to enact such a policy. A review of social media surrounding bling h2o a large percentage of blogs condemned bling for being over priced and had concerns about water being sold at such a premium when much of the world is without clean water. An internet blog by Sassisam title Bling H2O – Ego in a bottle. Sassi Sam points out that she consumes 4 bottles of water a day and that would equate to $US980 per week just for water. Sassi Sam concluded that she would consider buying from bling if they supported charities that focused on supplying clean water to those who don’t have access to it. Bling was featured on the site BoingBoing and points out that people who buy this must be fools. The interactive comments section of BoingBoing raised the issues of the importance of social status and that is reaching ridicules levels. BoingBoing was the only website that brought up the issue of socially responsible marketing by user Cameron Barrett. If the author of this article was the brand manager of bling h20 they would be associating themselves with one of the many charitable organisations that are helping provided clean drinking water. An organisation like charity water is able to provide a person with clean drinking water for $1 a year. This small cost compared to the premium charge would quell the concerns over the ethics of the company and leave the image issue with those who buy it. ttp://www. theage. com. au/news/national/bottled-water-the-new-ecodisaster/2006/02/25/ 1140670303250. html http://www. theage. com. au/articles/2007/08/18/1186857841959. html? page=fullpage#contentSwap1 http://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8141569. stm http://www. bottledwater. org. au/scripts/cgiip. exe/WService=ASP0003/ccms. r? Roxy=0x0002f062=10007 Kotler, P. , Adam, S. , Denize, S. , Armstrong, G. (2009), Principles of Marketing. Pearson Education Australia, Frenchs Forest How to cite Bottled Water in Australia, Papers

Stress and Understanding free essay sample

Everyone claims to have had a hard childhood, but I’m sure this one takes the cake. I’ll make this short and simple: my mom’s second husband abused me from the age of about 9 until I was 14 and my mother divorced him. I won’t give the gruesome details, but I know this experience has taught me a lot about how to look at people. While some people use their past as an excuse to do â€Å"bad† things, I refuse to let the past influence me in that way. Instead, I’ll use it to change the way I react to things people say, and how others act around me. I come in contact with a lot of bullying, whether direct or indirect, and I usually can brush it off. Everyone has a bad day, and everyone says something they don’t mean when they’re upset or disappointed. We will write a custom essay sample on Stress and Understanding or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And granted, no one should be given the right to take out their emotions on anyone else, but I’m naturally a very forgiving person. The way I was treated as a child taught me that everyone has something going on in their life, even if you don’t see it. My mother has fibromyalgia, a chronic disease that causes her to be in constant pain and have almost a total lack of energy. This left her out of work, leaving my step dad to bring home the bacon. There were three of us kids, all school-aged, a large house to be cleaned, medications for my mother to be paid for, and work. And he’d been in the military in his younger 20’s. So even at a young age, I had to learn the hard way that the way people are brought up severely affects the way they treat others in their adult life, and common, everyday stresses add to that. In the end, I learned that I have to be forgiving, to see things from their perspective, and be understanding because I don’t have a clue as to what they may or may not be going through.

What are the contrasts between Blanche and Stanley in A streetcar named desire Essays

What are the contrasts between Blanche and Stanley in A streetcar named desire Essays What are the contrasts between Blanche and Stanley in A streetcar named desire Paper What are the contrasts between Blanche and Stanley in A streetcar named desire Paper Essay Topic: A Streetcar Named Desire Literature Blanche and Stanley are at juxtaposition towards each other, there is a conflict between them that goes beyond simply disliking one another. One of the explanations for this is that Blanche comes from a very different world to Stanley. In many ways Stanleys represents new America whereas Blanche represents the old, America. This contrast of hard working, manual labour against well mannered, chivalrous and delicate is one of the very first conflicts of culture. In a way Blanche represents the old south, which in history supported slavery. We can see Blanche representing the confederacy, the posh upper class slave owners and Stanley as the would-be slave, resentful of his treatment from the South and by Blanche. Another contrast is the animalistic natures of the two characters. In many ways Blanche is like a moth. Her delicate nature and fragility invoke images of the cover of the book. Stanley is more like a bear, a heavily territorial creature that will fiercely protect its mate. Further evidence that Blanche is like a moth can be seen in her behaviour. Moths never really stay in one place; they flit from place to place, and in Blanches case from one danger to another. The cover shows a harsh light bulb, which is the harsh reality of the world in a sense. Blanche often seeks out the light because of what she lost, even though it hurts her. The flamingo hotel is one example of this; the young man is another. She seeks to find that spotlight that will light up her world again and risk herself in the process. Stanley on the other hand does not have the capacity for those feelings. He wears bold, primary colours such as red and green and purple, which convey his animalistic passion whereas Blanche is not motivated in this way. Relying often on the ethereal illusions of the mind. This is perhaps what frustrates Stanley; Blanche is nothing substantial, she is almost devoid of reason. This goes against Stanleys perceptions about the world, that everything is black and white and that you are either friend or foe. Much like in nature. In many ways Blanches character is something of a contradiction, she seeks out new love in order to find what was lost, and yet she has not looked inwards at herself to question her own actions much. She regrets telling Alan that he disgusted her and she defends her picture of him in an act of defiance against Stanley. This contradicts my point earlier about her only believing in the ethereal. Because in order to counter Stanleys passion you have to fight fire with fire and be passionate yourself. So perhaps deep down Blanche is more like Stanley. She is heavily territorial regarding Alan and protective of his memory. Something which reflects in the name of the book A streetcar named desire Blanche in effect believes the world is illusionary, but her desire forces her to accept some things are real and like a streetcar she has no choice abut changing course. The things she accepts as real [IE Her love for Alan] she will defend fiercely. Stanley on the other hand has formed a very hunter-gatherer relationship with Stella. She is like a trophy, a symbol of something he has conquered with his passionate tendencies. They fall out and fight it seems on a regular basis, but they are inexplicably attracted back to each other. The contrast then can be seen in Stella as well as Blanche. Stella is more down-to-earth, more like Stanley than her sister. She accepts certain facts whereas Blanche fabricates ways around them. Stanley also resents Blanche because of her reliance of the imaginary. His perception of the world puts him as the alpha male, women should be attracted to him and in return he can control them through force. Blanche seems to be immune to this, looking down her nose at him and not succumbing to lust. I imagine Stanley has not encountered this from women before. Stanley not only believes in reality, he is reality. He is the hard knuckled, nature driven man and Blanche is the white, ethereal spectre, which fades in and out of reality. In that respect the characters are very much in two different worlds with two different beliefs. Going back to the moth idea, Blanche moves from place to place on impulse. Impulse can be described as the single track, single path nature of a streetcar carriage. She talks about fabricating lies to attract men she has had previous relations with, she does not wish to lose face despite already having lost most of it in her hometown of Laurel. Quite clearly Blanche has not got quite a sound mind, because it seems to fabricate reality to what suits her. She still believes she is a lady of upper-class nature, but she has essentially tainted herself through her activities at the flamingo. She bathes a lot, and this frustrates Stanley. He works in the grease and muck and does not see it necessary to clean himself as often as Blanche, and yet she washes herself constantly. Blanche characteristically dresses in white, the purest form of light. When she bathes she is cleansing herself. I think that she might be trying to cleanse the blood of her dead husband from herself. Stanley does not seem to have been through the emotional trauma that she has, and so cannot understand how she feels. When you murder someone, directly or otherwise, it sticks in your mind and Blanche has convinced herself of her responsibility towards his death. In summer then, Blanche shares a few passionate similarities with Stanley. Her perception of reality is similar to Stanleys when it comes to love. However she surrounds herself with the false and the fake, to comfort herself and to try and cleanse her body of the taint that surrounds it.

Stress and Accent Marks in Spanish

Stress and Accent Marks in Spanish Knowing how letters are pronounced is only one aspect of learning Spanish pronunciation. Another key aspect is knowing which syllable should be stressed, that is, the one that gets the most vocal emphasis. Fortunately, Spanish has only three basic rules of stress, and there are very few exceptions. Rules for Spanish Stress and Accent Marks Spanish uses the acute accent mark (one that rises from left to right) to indicate stress in certain words. The grave and circumflex accent marks are not used. Essentially, the accent mark is used if following the first two rules below dont correctly indicate which syllable is getting the stress: If a word without an accent mark ends in a vowel, n, or s, the stress is on the penultimate (next to last) syllable. For example, toro, computadora, joven. and zapatos all have their accent on the next-to-last syllable. Most words fit this category.A word without an accent mark that ends in other letters has the stress on the last syllable. For example, hotel, hablar, matador, and virtud all have the accent on the final syllable.If a word isnt pronounced according to the above two rules, an accent is placed over the vowel of the syllable that gets the stress. For example, comà ºn, lpiz, mà ©dico, inglà ©s, and ojal all have the stress on the indicated syllable. The only exceptions to the above are some words of foreign origin, generally, words adopted from English, that retain their original spelling and often their pronunciation. For example, sandwich is usually spelled without an accent over the initial a, even though the stress is as in English. Similarly, personal names and place names of foreign origin usually are written without accents (unless accents are used in the originating language). Note also that some publications and signs do not use accent marks over capital letters, although for clarity it is better to use them when possible. How Making a Word Plural Can Change the Accent Mark Because words ending in s or n have an accent on the next-to-last syllable, and an -es sometimes is used to make singular words plural, making a word singular or plural can affect the accent mark. This can affect both nouns and adjectives. If a word with two or more syllables and without an accent mark ends in an n, adding -es to the word will require an accent mark to be added. (Nouns and adjective ending in an unstressed vowel followed by s have identical singular and plural forms.) Words in this category are infrequent. joven (singular, youth or young), jà ³venes (plural)crimen (singular, crime), crà ­menes (plural)canon (singular, rule), canà ³nes (rules)aborigen (singular, indigenous), aborà ­genes (plural) More common are singular words that end in n or s and have an accent on the final syllable. When such words or two or more syllables are made plural by adding -es, the accent mark is no longer needed. almacà ©n (singular, warehouse), almacenes (plural)talismn (singular, lucky charm), talismanes (plural)afiliacià ³n (singular, affiliation), afiliciones (plural)comà ºn (singular, common), comunes (plural) Orthographic Accent Marks Sometimes accent marks are used only to distinguish two similar words, and they dont affect pronunciation because the marks are already on a syllable that is being stressed. For example, el (the) and à ©l (he) are both pronounced the same way, even though they have quite different meanings. Similarly, some words, quien or quià ©n, use accent marks when they appear in questions, but usually not otherwise. Accents that dont affect pronunciation are known as orthographic accents. Here are some of the common words that are affected by an orthographic accent: aun (including), aà ºn (still, yet)como (as, I eat), cà ³mo (how)de (of), dà © (form of dar)que (that), quà © (what)se (reflexive pronoun), sà © (form of saber)si (if), sà ­ (yes) Key Takeaways Spanish words without written accent marks have the stress on the last syllable unless the word ends in s or n, in which case the accent goes on the next-to-last syllable.An accent mark is used to indicate that the stress goes on that syllable where the pattern above isnt followed.Sometimes, an accent mark is used to distinguish meanings between two words that are otherwise spelled alike.

Middle Childhood Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Middle Childhood - Research Paper Example Prenatal as well as postnatal biological attentions of the infant dictate much the functional development of the infant’s brain as noted by Benson and Haith (2009). Structural brain development takes place mostly during the prenatal period of the infant’s growth. Biologically, the prenatal experiences of the infant are likely to affect their brain growth directly. These experiences include poor nutrition and poor maternal health. For instance, exposure to pharmacological agents at the prenatal stage may result in the infant showing symptoms of withdrawal in their behavior. The infant may also experience changes in their stress-regulating capabilities which are associated with prenatal maternal stress. Physical health effects include the care needs of the child, the caregiver’s response to the needs of the infant, the infant’s capacity for mental growth and development as well as normal physic of the infant. The temperament factors include behavioral inhibi tions and their physical attributes. Both physical and temperament factors may affect the interaction between the caregivers and the infant thus affecting the caregiver’s response to the infant’s behavior. For instance the caregiver may feel disconnected from the infant, protective of him/her or even drawn to him/her. The physical as well as behavioral attributes of the infant may trigger either negative or positive interactions, or later have exacerbating interactions which are negative. In studying biological effects during infancy it is good to focus on the infant’s behavior and hormonal response. For instance, immature sensory development in infancy is associated with the infant’s social world. Immature limb systems are associated with locomotion at infancy while immature cortex is associated with the search behavior of the infant according to Freedheim (2003). Social/Cultural Issues Related to Infancy Social issues affecting infancy revolve around ac cess to resources as well as support provided by those around the infant’s life. The environment in which the infant lives affects the infant’s needs depending on the availability, prioritization and type of resources. Lower social class leads to a probability of the infant being faced with environmental risks as noted by Benson and Haith (2009). For instance, frequent experiences with poverty negatively influence the infant development at the early stages of life. This is due to the association between psychological and environmental stress. The risks associated with this type of stress such as community violence may affect the infant’s social behavior like being rude or rough in facing life issues. Social factors associated with crowded areas, rural areas and unhealthy living situations limit the infant’s access to necessary resources for development. This is because each of these social environments is characterized with competition for available resou rces. In the context of child development, culture is concerned with the norms used in parenting practices and beliefs. Cultural factors impact the way the infant is taken care of and influence the role of the family in molding the infant’s behavior and beliefs. According to Benson and Haith (2009), despite the fact that there are different cultural backgrounds, there are certain cultural values which are found common across the world. These include, providing safety and good health to the infant, ensuring that the infant

Soccer Injures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Soccer Injures - Essay Example Besides soccer being very much enjoyable, this paper tries to put forward the argument that it also injures. The essay explains how soccer as a game is a cause to many diverse injuries and that it is fundamental for it to be realized for the right prevention measures to be employed. The effects of the injuries are also clearly explained that the extent of the injuries caused by soccer may come out clearly. Beside Soccer being an enjoyable sport and with fast growing popularity, many people do not consider the fact that soccer in itself is quite dangerous and can cause injuries both serious and minor. Many people view soccer as a very safe game and very soft, thus, many people who join the sport do not have any anticipation of being injured. Some other people, including players who know that soccer can cause injuries only believe that those injuries can only be mild. They also assume that these injuries can simply be cured by physicians who are present on the field. I figured out that it is important to understand and accept the fact that soccer can cause injuries and thereby it will be easy to take precautions and even prevent some of the injuries. Although it is widely argued that most of the injuries that players get on the field cannot be prevented, since they are not planned for, I believe that once the players know what to expect of the game, they can avoid the injuries, and besi des that, they will also learn how to manage them (Per, Kristian and Kim 1248). Soccer as opposed to the thoughts of many can cause injuries from mild ones to very serious ones and worse off, they can even cause death. I consider all of these together as dangerous. Taking an example of mild injuries, repeated mild injuries can lead to serious problems. One can even end up with a permanent injury because of repeated mild injuries. This can lead to suspension from the game or even termination of one’s career as a soccer

The Application Of Orff Music Pedagogy Education Essay

The Application Of Orff Music Pedagogy Education Essay There are a number of reasons that the Orff Music Pedagogy has been chosen on the topic of this essay. The basic issue at present in China is entrenched pattern of music education that means the Chinese music experts and teachers do not accept the new concepts of music pedagogy, instead of that, they still employed the traditional music pedagogy owning to the personality of the Chinese. Therefore, there are some problems, such as students lack creativity, the low teaching quality and the low quality of students. After 20th century, with the rapid development of music education in China, majority Chinese music educators pay attention on the music teaching. The Chinese teaching content and teaching method urgently should be reformed. Orff Music Pedagogy might be the appropriate music pedagogy to change the current situation in China. In the later part of this essay, I will discuss the positive and negative of Orff Music Pedagogy in order to retain the strengths and discard the weakness to apply this music pedagogy to Chinese music pedagogy. This essay will discuss two sides of Orff Music Pedagogy. For one aspect, this essay will evaluate of the advantages of applying the Orff Music Pedagogy in Chinese primary schools, which includes the effective stimulation and the improvement on Childrens creativity and personal quality, the Asia culture might be proved to be suitable, the benefits on Chinese music education. For another aspect, the disadvantages containing the obstacle of culture difference, the problem of insufficient equipments available in China will also be taken into consideration. Before moving on, the background to Orffs method will be outlined. Dr. Carl Orff, the distinguished German composer, who is also the founder of Orff Music Pedagogy, met Dorothee Guenther in Munich, 1924 and originated the scheme of a new kind of rhythmical education. Dr. Carl Orff (1983) explained that this idea regarding the interaction and interpretation between movement and music education was then be plotted and practiced since that time. The notion of Orff Music Pedagogy, also known as the Orff Schulwerk approach, can be concluded as the implementation of combining music, movement, drama, and speech into the classrooms of children music education, creating a relaxed environment and atmosphere that are similar to the childrens world. The Orffs approach to music education has numerous advantages to children, but suffice it to say that the leading advantage is that it demands the innovation of the teachers and involves all sensory dimensions such as virtual, physical, and aural asp ect of the children during their learning process. The positive effects of applying Orff Music Pedagogy can be viewed from the following aspects. Firstly, Orff Schulwerk Music Pedagogy, which confers a favorable learning environment, can provide children with much more creativity, in their music education, than traditional teaching methods. In Music Pedagogy, music is a means to teach a man become a talent and because Orffs method has the very advantage to teach efficiently, Orff Schulwerk should be widely used in China (Dr. Clausel S.L.S. 1998). In Dr. S.L.S. Clausels article (1998), he pointed out that Orff-Schulwerk Music Method is effective in teaching children music especially when using Orff approach to create an interactive environment with other peers. In this case, the quality of the students could then be improved. Additionally, as the nature of Orff Music Pedagogy is innovative and interactive, stated by Dr. Brock in 1977, this practice could largely enable the primary school focus more on the esthetic aspect. In fact, whe n applying the Orff Music Pedagogy to the classes, esthetic features must be the kernel, for the approach requires the involvement of various sensory organs so that children can do dancing, clapping and singing. Moreover, the innovation and creativity can be promoted during the learning process with Orffs approach. In addition, Clausel suggested that Orff method is suitable for an Asia culture because it can provide a relaxed environment for children in order to widen childrens interest, arousing innovative ideas and improving the students quality, which has nothing to do with cultures. Nowadays, many problems exist in Chinese music teaching, for instance, students lack the interest of learning music. Orff Schulwerk is an efficient way to change that situation, since it is a method that can stimulate students interest regardless its culture. There is an example in Japan. Dr. Carl Orff himself mentioned in his speech (25th October 1983) that the Japanese children were responding to his approach spontaneously and teachers had become open-minded. Researched and studied in Japan in 1962, Dr. Carl Orff, the initiator of the Orff Music Pedagogy, was able to witness how compatibly and naturally his ideas are adapted and applicable to an Eastern culture. If the music educator could take a step forward, Japanese children could get accustomed and be effectively educated by Orffs approach. Therefore Chinese children who share similar cultures with the Japanese should likewise be absorbed the music knowledge effectively. Furthermore, even though the current music education in China is confronting a number of obstacles and problems, they can be conquered by introducing the Orff Music Pedagogy to China. A recent article composed by Ding (2006) pointed out the difficulties of the music education in contemporary China and they are: the unclear positioning of music education, the overlook of the esthetic aspect and the poor quality of teachers and students. The localization of the music education is not in the control of the teachers but the emphasis of the esthetic practice and the quality of the teachers could be improved by the application of Orffs approach. As a whole, this should be significant as Orff Music Pedagogy fundamentally surmounts two or three barriers in Chinese music education that China is facing in the modern world. Despite of the fact that the Orff Music Pedagogy has been used worldwide, there are still some difficulties of applying this westernized methodology of music teaching to Chinese primary schools because of the intractable cultural customs and language difference. Burnaby and Sun (Jun., 1989) have revealed a number of problems in their article when applying the western teaching methods to the Chinese education. They have put forward a variety of linguistic problems that the Chinese students are facing and some Western teaching styles are only applicable to a particular range of students in China. According to what Burnaby and Sun have researched, the Orff Music Pedagogy, which is a German music education approach, might not be feasible or less efficient if applied to China. At the same time, the research that Burnaby and Sun have done was mainly concentrated on language teaching and the Orffs notion is about music educating. Hence, it could make a difference when education is in the re alm of music as music is beyond the nations and languages. Besides, the sizes of the primary school classes in China and the availability of certain instruments and equipments are the most significant disadvantages when applying the Orff Music Pedagogy to China. On the one hand, the average size of a class for primary schools in China is around sixty and it has been criticized because there are little or no interactions between the teachers and the students. Its the same when music education is being conducted in Chinese primary schools. As it is mentioned before, the Orff Music Pedagogy will require a great deal of teacher-student interactions and tremendous size of the class will make the approach hard to implement. On the other hand, there are insufficient equipments provided in the Chinese schools as mentioned by Hamilton and Hilree J. (2005) in his article. It is evident that without professional instruments and teaching tools, Orff Music Pedagogy cannot be carried out in an efficient way or even unable to proceed at all. Thus, short-te rm speaking, the changes of this condition which involves training teachers, minimizing class size and purchasing equipments should take a long time and huge amount of financial funds, which is actually the disadvantage of applying this approach. Nevertheless, the situation of having insufficient resources should be better in the future time, for the Chinese economy is booming and financial funds allocated on education are increasing. Based on Dings (2006) perspective and for long-term consideration, the size of the classes in China could be smaller and schools could be better equipped, making the application of Orff Music Pedagogy more apposite and feasible, which will benefit the Chinese children in the primary schools invaluably in terms of music education. In conclusion, the application of Orff Music Pedagogy in Chinese primary schools has greater amount of advantages than the disadvantages. In simple language, Orff Schulwerk Music Pedagogy is conducive to Chinese primary school because it is a good method for cultivating students, besides that, it could motivate childrens interests and creativity effectively and most importantly this method could benefit Chinese music education in future times. However, owning to a kind of western musical pedagogies, Orff music approach may be not completely suitable for the current music education in China due to the limitation of resources and culture difference. Most significantly, the advantages are more crucial and vital comparing to the disadvantages as discussed above because those barriers and obstacles such as lack of fund and resources have solutions. Short-term speaking, there might be more disadvantages and less benefits. Nevertheless, to a long-term consideration, the application of Orff Music Pedagogy in Chinese primary schools could have a far-reaching effect to the Chinese music education system and that influence tends to be positive. One cannot underestimate this influence as it could benefit millions and millions of Chinese young children and the creativity arouse by Orff Music Pedagogy in the primary schools may lead a Chinese young child to compose his own masterpiece and become predominant in the future. All in all, the application of Orff Music Pedagogy can be both a lens through which we can see the future of Chinese primary music education and a mirror reflecting its unparalleled teaching notion and well-developed methods. References List: Burnaby, B. Sun, Y. L. (1989). Chinese Teachers Views of Western Language Teaching: Context Informs Paradigms, TESOL Quarterly, 23(2), 219-238. Brock, (1977), Innovative music education: an investigation and comparison of the teaching methods of Carl Orff, Zoltan Kodaly, and Madeleine Carabo-Cone, (OCLCs Experimental Thesis, University of Mississippi, 1977). Retrieved from Carl, O. (1983, October). Orff-Schulwerk Past and Future. Paper present at the opening of the Orff Institute in Salzburg. Published by Schotts, B, The translation is by Murray,M. Clausel, S.L.S. ( n.d). Applications of Cambornes model of literacy learning and the Orff-Schulwerk Music method to the development of a curriculum model for Mississippi music education, The University of Mississippi. Ding, M. M. (2006). The development and the reform of the music education in China since1980. (Master dissertation, University of Wuhan Conservatory of music, 2006). Retrieved from Hamilton, Hilree, J. (2005). Echos from a Teaching Adventure in China. Teaching music, 13(2), 24.

Chinese Civilization Essay

The land here is broad and diverse. Among this immense piece of earth, one can find both farmer and businessman; mountain and plain; drought and rainfall; wasteland and farmland. It is vast, it is multifaceted. And yet these collections of disparate and dissimilar presences are bound as one, side by side with each other. They are together, they are connected. They are united, united under one name: China. It is impossible to choose a single word that exactly represents all the land of China. The Himalayan Mountains might have â€Å"majesty,† or the Forbidden City might have â€Å"opulence,† but certainly the two are quite different and cannot be swapped. Yet there is a word that can describe all the land of China: the cities, the mountains, the villages, the plains, the towns, the rivers, the deserts. That word is Beauty. China’s cultural sphere has extended across East Asia as a whole, with Chinese religion, customs, and writing systems being adapted to varying degrees by neighbors such as Japan, Korea and Vietnam. The first evidence of human presence in the region was found at the Zhoukoudian cave. It is one of the first known specimens of Homo erectus, now commonly known as the Peking Man, estimated to have lived from 300,000 to 780,000 years ago China ranges from mostly plateaus and mountains in the west to lower lands in the east. Principal rivers flow from west to east, including the Yangtze (central), the Huang He (Yellow river, north-central), and the Amur (northeast), and sometimes toward the south (including the Pearl River, Mekong River, and Brahmaputra), with most Chinese rivers emptying into the Pacific Ocean. In the east, along the shores of the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea there are extensive and densely populated alluvial plains. On the edges of the Inner Mongolian plateau in the north, grasslands can be seen. Southern China is dominated by hills and low mountain ranges. In the central-east are the deltas of China’s two major rivers, the Huang Heand Yangtze River. Most of China’s arable lands lie along these rivers, and they were the centers of China’s major ancient civilizations. Other major rivers include the Pearl River, Mekong, Brahmaputra and Amur. Yunnan Province is considered a part of the Greater Mekong Subregion, which also includes Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. [47] In the west, the north has a great alluvial plain, and the south has a vast calcareous tableland traversed by hill ranges of moderate elevation, and the Himalayas, containing Earth’s highest point, Mount Everest. The northwest also has high plateaus with more arid desert landscapes such as the Takla-Makan and the Gobi Desert, which has been expanding. During many dynasties, the southwestern border of China has been the high mountains and deep valleys of Yunnan, which separate modern China from Burma, Laos and Vietnam. The Paleozoic formations of China, excepting only the upper part of the Carboniferous system, are marine, while the Mesozoic and Tertiary deposits are estuarine and freshwater, or else of terrestrial origin. Groups of volcanic cones occur in the Great Plain of north China. In the Liaodong and Shandong Peninsulas, there are basaltic plateaus. Part II CONTRIBUTIONS Society. Hundreds of ethnic groups have existed in China throughout its history. The largest ethnic group in China by far is the Han. This group, however, is internally diverse and can be further divided into smaller ethnic groups that share similar traits. Over the last three millennia, many previously distinct ethnic groups in China have been Sinicized into a Han identity, which over time dramatically expanded the size of the Han population. However, these assimilations were usually incomplete, and vestiges of indigenous language and culture still often remain in various regions of China. Because of this, many within the Han identity have maintained distinct linguistic and cultural traditions while still identifying as Han. Several ethnicities have also dramatically shaped Han culture, e. g. the Manchurian clothing called the qipao became the new â€Å"Chinese† fashion after the 17th century, replacing earlier Han styles of clothing such as the Hanfu. The modern term Chinese nation (Zhonghua Minzu) is now used to describe a notion of a Chinese nationality that transcends ethnic divisions. China has over 50 minority groups. Each group has different languages, customs, and traditions. Gap between the Rich and the Poor. The Chinese society was structurally complex and not much is known about it. Research is still on. Life in old Chinese society on a normal working day was hard and industrious for the farmers while luxurious and laid back for nobles and merchants. There was a wide demographic gap between the farmers and kings and nobles. The farmers were far more in population as compared to nobles. They were economically exploited and were made to work very hard. The nobles lived in luxurious palaces while the farmers in China survived in small huts. Naturally the nobles were highly regarded and lived with great riches. Religion. There are three main religions in China. They are Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism. They were suppressed by the CCP during the 20th century, but they are still alive and penetrating the minds of Chinese today. These religions are all widespread, and aside from other world religions, they all originated in China. Confucianism was the official philosophy throughout most of Imperial China’s history, and mastery of Confucian texts was the primary criterion for entry into the imperial bureaucracy. China’s traditional values were derived from various versions of Confucianism. A number of more authoritarian strains of thought have also been influential, such as Legalism. There was often conflict between the ideas and philosophies, for example, the Song Dynasty Neo-Confucians believed Legalism departed from the original spirit of Confucianism. Examinations and a culture of merit remain greatly valued in China today. In recent years, a number of New Confucians (not to be confused with Neo-Confucianism) have advocated that democratic ideals and human rights are quite compatible with traditional Confucian â€Å"Asian values†. With the rise of European economic and military power beginning in the mid-19th century, non-Chinese systems of social and political organization gained adherents in China. Some of these would-be reformers totally rejected China’s cultural legacy, while others sought to combine the strengths of Chinese and European cultures. In essence, the history of 20th-century China is one of experimentation with new systems of social, political, and economic organization that would allow for the reintegration of the nation in the wake of dynastic collapse. Economics. By roughly 10,000 BCE, in the Neolithic Era, agriculture was practiced in China. Stratified bronze-age cultures, such as Erlitou, emerged by the third millennium BCE. Under the Shang (ca. 1600–1045 BCE) and Zhou (1045–771 BCE), a dependent labor force worked in large-scale foundries and workshops to produce bronzes and silk for the elite. The agricultural surpluses produced by the manorial economy supported these early handicraft industries as well as urban centers and considerable armies. This system began to disintegrate after the collapse of the Western Zhou Dynasty in 771 BCE, preceding the Spring and Autumn and Warring states eras. As the feudal system collapsed, much legislative power was transferred from the nobility to local kings. A merchant class emerged during the Warring States Period, resulting in increased trade. The new kings established an elaborate bureaucracy, using it to wage wars, build large temples, and perform public works projects. This new system rewarded talent over birthright; important positions were no longer occupied solely by nobility. The adoption of new iron tools revolutionized agriculture and led to a large population increase during this period. By 221 BCE, the state of Qin, which embraced reform more than other states, unified China, built the Great Wall, and set consistent standards of government. [5] Although its draconian laws led to its overthrow in 206 BCE, the Qin institutions survived. During the Han Dynasty, China became a strong, unified, and centralized empire of self-sufficient farmers and artisans, though limited local autonomy remained. The Song Dynasty (960–1279 CE) brought additional economic reforms. Paper money, movable type, the compass, and other technological advances facilitated communication on a large scale and the widespread circulation of books. The state control of the economy diminished, allowing private merchants to prosper and a large increase in investment and profit. Despite disruptions during the Mongol conquest of 1279, the Ming Dynasty continued the Song’s economic development. However, when the isolationist Qing Dynasty came into power, China’s economic development began to slow. Europe’s rapid development during the Industrial Revolution enabled it to surpass China—an event known as the great divergence. Trade with foreign nations on a large scale began during the reign of Emperor Wu, when he sent the explorer Zhang Yi to contact nations west of China in search of allies to fight the Xiongnu. After the defeat of the Xiongnu, however, Chinese armies established themselves in Central Asia, starting the famed Silk Road, which became a major avenue of international trade Paper and Printing. The greatest Chinese discoveries of all times which the whole world accepts even today are the art of paper making, printing, gun powder and magnetic compass. Paper making was an art which developed in ancient China and they used silk, cloth, bark, fiber and hemp. Later during the Han Dynasty, about 1800 years ago, paper making was refined and was being made from hemp and bark and later from bamboo. Printing technology was invented in ancient China as far back as the 8th century and by 868 they were using wood block printing which was used to print the first book in the world. Advancement in the technology came by 11th century when movable ceramic printer was invented during the rule of the Song Dynasty. By the time the Tang dynasty came to power in ancient China, printing and paper making techniques had prompted the invention of books and book shops in the cities. Compass and Gun Powder. The invention of these two had put ancient China in the fore front in terms of scientific discovery and development. The compass was extremely useful for trade and sea travel. Here they used magnets to magnetize a pointer made of iron. Later the western world borrowed the technique for the navigation on the sea. Gun powder was invented by accident when the ancient Chinese found that throwing some types of mineral powders in the fire produces color and sparkling flame. They used the technology for making fireworks. Later the same gunpowder changed the art of modern warfare when it was used by the European powers against their enemies. Politics and Government. Ancient China had monarchy, i. e. government headed by an emperor and a royal family. Chinese rulers also called monarchs based their government on the Confucian model, which taught that the ruler was a virtuous man who led by example†¦ Despotic leadership. China like many other countries at that time was an agriculture based country with the river Yangtze as its lifeline. During the ancient period the king would be the leader and would be more of a dictator than a king for the people who would take decisions beneficial to them. He has un-surpassing power in all areas be it economy or governance or agriculture which was the livelihood of the people. Earliest incident of despotic leadership could probably be traced back to the Hsia dynasty (2200 – 1750 BC) when the emperor Yao picked Shun as his successor to help his people who were burdened by the regular floods. Enlightened Leadership. Shun can be given credit for being an enlightened leader, but he was very harsh on his people. He could put any of his people to death if they did not agree with his leadership. Other punishments included using whip, stick and fines for small offences. He was succeeded by Yu, who founded Hsia, the first dynasty. During this dynasty the Chinese government or the emperor employed huge labor to work under four groups: military, farming, construction workers and textile labor. Textile labor were given the task of weaving silk thread by hand to make clothes for the royal family, construction work included public work such as building wall, enlarging canals for agriculture etc. Military. Ancient China was most of the time caught in battles against the Huns or the invaders. In military the casualty was very high, because at that time it was quiet common to have mass warfare killing thousands at the same time; ordinary soldiers were simply treated as pawns by the king and other leaders. Shan Dynasty (1750-1040 BC) was ruthless when it came to battles, they even made the whole family fight in battles together because he believed they would fight better with each other. Position of Women. The Shan Dynasty followed the philosophy of Yin and Yan and believed in giving lesser role to women in the society as compared to men. Women were not given opportunities and were treated as inferior. Efforts to reform the Chinese Government. The Chou Dynasty (1040 -256 BC) tried to bring improvements in the government after the corrupt Shan Dynasty and tried to employ the feudal system. This new form of government in ancient China collapsed and ended up with Warring states period (403- 221 BC). Furthermore, corrupt emperors caused the country to fall apart into a continuous war like situation. It was after these that the enlightened Qin Dynasty ruled, which tried to reform and unified the country and builds the Great Wall of China. The Ancient Chinese Government was more of Despotism rather than Enlightened Monarchy which works for the betterment of the people. Legal Systems. Many of the ancient legal systems were considered to be harsh by modern day standards. When societies were beginning to establish civil order and a government hierarchy often many premises seemed extreme; for example, Hammurabi’s Code and the eye for an eye principle or the torture practices common in Medieval Europe. Although, modern China may be suspected of human rights abuses, Ancient China’s legal system was based on morals and the inherent good of the citizens. The Ancient Chinese legal system evolved through the principles of Confucianism and Legalism along with the traditions and morals of Ancient Chinese life. Confucianism. Confucianism as a philosophy gained prominence in the early existence of Ancient China. The Confucian philosophy believed that social control and social order could only be created through education. Confucianism influenced the Ancient Chinese legal system as it believed that humans were inherently good and that order was based on respect for the King and one’s fellow man. The early legal system of Ancient China was as a result, hesitant to utilize codified or written law. This was because codified laws served to tell people what to do without explaining the reasoning. Instead of codified law, the legal system of Ancient China was initially intended to be secondary to moral reasoning. It was believed under Confucianism that by ruling through traditions, norms, and morals that those who broke the accepted conditions would be ashamed and ostracized from society. Over time however, it became clear that in some circumstances people’s self-interest would differ from society. It was because of this that the premises of Confucianism were mixed with those of Legalism to form the first codified law in Ancient China. Legalism. Legalism in contrast to Confucianism was based on the concept that humans were predisposed to evil or wrongdoing. This belief led to the understanding that codified law and punishments were needed in order to maintain order in society. When Ancient China began to incorporate these principles into their legal system a focus was placed on the ruler. It was important to these principles that the ruler remained above the law so that his word could act as a guide. It was also important to Legalism that a ruler was respected so that his laws and punishments were seen as just. As Ancient China’s legal system evolved it remained important that the law had the respect of the people and that the people understood the traditions. Important Principles. Ancient China’s legal system is one of the oldest legal traditions and yet unlike modern day systems there was no separation between civil and criminal law. The legal system of Ancient China was structured around the ruler being able to unify society’s interests while maintaining respect. This premise is why any crimes against the ruler received no mercy. After the ruler in Ancient China the family was held in the highest regard; this is why crimes against the family were considered one of the greatest offences. In general Ancient China’s legal system attempted to enforce filial piety, to uphold the respect of family ancestors, to avoid legal action when possible, to create deterrents to actions and to control outbursts. In comparison, to many other early legal systems, China’s system was relatively relaxed and centered on the citizens rather than government mandates. Ancient China’s legal system was founded on the traditions of the society it was meant to control allowing the system to evolve into the present day Culture. Daily life in Ancient China is as mysterious as it is old. The ancient Chinese were master creators, artists, craftsmen and warlords. They created paper, gunpowder for battles, matches, cannons, compass, umbrellas and many more. They created many artifacts. They developed many martial arts and other art forms such as calligraphy. They used coins with holes in them. As there were no banks at that time they used to collect the money through strings in the coins. Ancient China was ruled by many dynasties and was constantly plagued with war. The peasants celebrated spring which was a very important festival in their life. It was celebrated during spring to welcome a good harvest and good fortune. Usually young men and women paired up and sang and danced. Like today, even in ancient China the Dragon was a sign of good luck. Chinese art is well known throughout the world. Its painting and calligraphy established the guiding principals by which other civilizations would emulate. In Chinese art, each object has its own subjective meaning, and can be interpreted in many ways. To the Chinese, color and form are not just words, but are a part of what makes them a unique people; there ability to surround themselves with beautiful architecture and lavish technique know no bounds. People around the world love Chinese food, and so they should. Lots of tradition and care has gone into some of today’s finest and most famous dishes. In addition, Chinese medicine has been around for centuries, but only recently has it become a new, and almost baseline treatment, for common ailments such as headaches and fevers. Ancient Chinese Paintings. There are very few remains of paintings of ancient times except on ceramic and tiles, a clear historic development can be traced only after 5th century AD. Hundreds of caves of Buddhist wall paintings and scrolls dating back to late 5th century AD have been discovered. A highly organized system of representing objects was discovered different from the western perspective; the greatest strength of this art is its incomparable mastery of lines and silhouette. The art of figure painting reached it’s height during the Tang Dynasty, which also saw the rise of the great art of landscape painting executed as brush drawings with color washes Chinese Music and Poetry. Ancient Chinese music can be traced back to Neolithic age based on the discovery of bone flutes. Poetry and Music were influenced by the Book of Song, Confucius and the Chinese poet and statesman Qu Yuan. In the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties music was only for the royal families and dignitaries, entering the mainstream only in the Tang Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty ,Kunqu, the oldest form of Chinese opera developed and it was during this time that the writers and artists came up with new form of lyric poetry –Ci. Other Art Forms. There were other forms of art apart from the ones mentioned above during ancient times in China like Seals, Calligraphy, Embroidery, kite making, paper cutting and shadow puppetry. Ancient Chinese culture boasts of glorious forms of Art and traditional crafts which are just two of the many jewels in China’s 5000 year history.

What Do We Learn About the Treatment of Children in...

What Do We Learn About the Treatment of Children in Dickens’ Novel? â€Å"Oliver Twist† was written in 1837, in the wake of the great change in society, brought about by the Industrial Revolution. Factories were introduced to Britain, which created lots of jobs for many working class citizens. This in turn created vast overcrowding in many cities and towns; most people wanted to be closer to their jobs. The huge numbers of people living closely together resulted in the standards in which people were living in dropping. The little they were paid wasn’t enough to support, in most cases, a family, or to make up for these terrible conditions, and many ended up faced with living on the streets. The only choice for them was to enter the†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"’The old story †¦ no wedding-ring, І see. Ah! Good-night!’† Oliver is a typical example of an orphan in the 1800’s. He was born into the workhouse, and has never set foot outside it, nor would he ever have the chance to. This was the same for most children in these times. The circumstances in which he was born, gives us insight into how society was. Oliver’s mother was unmarried, and although in today’Ã'• society we wouldn’t bat an eyelid at this, she would have been shunned by the everyone. We can see evidence that, even though his mother has died, the ramifications of her actions have led him to be persecuted still by others. â€Å"‘Yer know, Work’us,’ continued Noah, emboldened by Oliver’Ã'• silence, and speaking in a jeering tone of affected pity: of all tones the most annoying: ‘It can’t be helped now; and of course yer couldn’t help it then; and І’m very sorry for it; and І’m sure we all are, and pity yer very much. But yer must know, W ork’us, yer mother was a regular right-down bad’un.’† Dickens ensures the reader knows this story will by no means be happy, and Oliver does not have an easy life ahead of him. The tone has already been set for the story, and Oliver has only just been born. 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The Problem Of Obesity And Obesity - 1505 Words

When it comes to people health, what usually comes up in mind? People may think of some disease, such as cancer or stroke, but nobody thinks about Obesity, which has become one of the biggest issues in America. Obesity is the accumulation of unnecessary body fat. It is a lifestyle disease that is spreading fast worldwide. This disease is affecting individuals of all age, ethnicity, and gender. As we all know, America has an extended history of solving complex problems, but it seems like obesity has stuck with the American people. In the essay, called Politicians Want to tax us Thin, written by Kyle Smith, she states, â€Å"We know obesity is a problem, but just to be sure we need to spend more resources to study it† (501). Smith says that somehow we are unsuccessful to solve the problem of obesity, and it’s affecting many people all over the world. 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