Snow Removal in Broome County New York

The removal of snow in the towns, cities, and villages of Broome County of New York is a social service that the county owes it inhabitants. It is such services that justify the taxes the people of Broome county pay. Towards achieving the aim of a cleaner, safer and healthier Broome county, several agencies have been set-up to oversee the snow removal services in the county. This service is particularly the responsibility of the Broome county Environmental Management Council (EMC). The EMC was established in 1971 by the Broome County Legislature to preserve, protect, and enhance the local environment.The county’s highway division maintains and preserves the highway in the county and thus removes the snow that lies on the highway in the Broome County. The aim of the highway division is aptly captured in its webpage as thus:† The Highway Division is responsible for the administration, operation and maintenance of highway bridge and capital projects; this includes road wide ning and straightening, resurfacing and patching of existing county roads to ensure that maintenance is at required engineering standards and safety levels.Emphasis is also placed on snow and ice control. The department also assists other local municipalities with specialized equipment and expertise. † Broome County Parks and Recreation is in charge of maintaining and preserving the recreational facilities in the county for the good of the inhabitants of the county. This means it also removes snow from these parks. Division of public waste seeks to manage all the public waste in the county. Snow is handled as one of the solid wastes handled by this division. These solid waste are either disposed or recycled.Department of Public Works is the chief overseer of the divisions mentioned above. However we need to, from this research establish who has the responsibility of removing snow and how best the snow should be removed and will tis method be cost effective. We will with this r esearch seek to ensure that the method adopted will be the most effective, efficient and cost effective. We want to by this research find the most effective way of snow removal: the best way to remove snow without creating hazard or environmental issues.How snow removal will be more efficient so that the snow will be removed promptly. Cost effective so that it will save the county some money so that other pressing needs of the county will be met without straining the resources of the county. The challenge here is to make the snow removal more effective, efficient and cost tolerant. Design questions for this research are as follows: 1. Who are/is currently responsible for snow removal in Broome County? 2. What method do/does the party/parties responsible for the snow removal employ?3. Is the method employed effective? 4. Is the currently used method efficient? 5. How much does it cost to remove snow in Broome County under the current arrangement? 6. From the cost in answer 5, is this method cost effective? 7. Under the current arrangement, what is the average time it takes to remove snow in the Broome county? 8. Can the responsibility for snow removal in Broome County be shared? 9. If answer to 8 above is yes, who are those that can share this responsibility? 10.Does their sharing in this responsibility bring about better efficiency or reduce the cost of snow removal? 11. Is there a more effective way of removing snow? 12. Does this more effective way of snow removal affect the cost of snow removal? 13. If answer to 12 above is yes, by how much? 14. Are the in habitants of Broome County satisfied with the current snow removal arrangement in place? 15. If no, what improvements will you like to see? References 1. Broome County Website; http://www. gobroomecounty. com/; Sourced 18:26 GMT +1

Die Casting

Presentation Pressure Die Casting Sam Mande Deepak Ch Veera Pratap Vamsi raj J (BUB0912011) (BUB0912016) (BUB0912013) (BUB0912010) M. Sc. (Engg. ) in Engineering Manufacturing and Management Module Leader : Dr N S Mahesh M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 1 History Casting since about 4000 BC†¦ Ancient Greece; bronze statue casting 450BC Iron works in early Europe, e. g. cast iron cannons from England 1543 2 M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies Introduction Die casting is a very commonly used type of permanent molding process in which surface finish and tolerance of die cast parts is good that post-processing can be eliminated in many cases. †¢ Die casting molds are expensive and require much time to manufacture they are generally called dies. †¢ Die casting is done for high volume with high details, and value added economically priced cast parts. M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 3 Die Casting Process 1. Die is ready to start 2. Die is closed, molten metal is filled in the chamber . The ram pushes the molten metal in to the die 4. Die cavity is filled with molten metal in few micro seconds 4 M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies Die Casting Process 5. The metal than solidifies 6. The component casted is ejected from the die 7. The die is cleaned and sprayed with releasing agents 8. Die is ready for the next cycle 5 M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies Die casting process †¢ In Die-Casting the metal is injected in to the mold under high pressure 10-210 Mpa (1,450-30500 psi) Casting can produce very complex geometry parts with internal cavities and hollow sections. †¢ It is economical, with very little wastage, the extra metals in each casting is melted and reused †¢ The clamping pressure exerted on the die is Rated in â€Å"Clamping tons† †¢ The capacity varies from 400 tons to 4000 tons. M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 6 Die Casting Process †¢ Most of the die castings are made from non-ferrous metals, particularly zinc, copper, aluminum, magnesium, lead, and tin based alloys, although ferrous metal die castings are possible The die casting method is especially suited for applications where a large quantity of small to medium sized parts are needed with good detail , a fine surface quality and dimensional tolerance †¢ There are two common types of die casting: hot- chamber process and cold-chamber process †¢ Example: Pressure die casting M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 7 Cold chamber process †¢ The essential feature of this process is the independent holding and injection units †¢ In the cold chamber process metal is transferred by ladle, manually or automatically, to the shot sleeve †¢ Actuation of the injection piston forces the metal into the die.This is a single-shot operation †¢ This procedure minimizes the contact time between the hot metal and the injector components, this extend their operating life M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 8 Cold chamber process †¢ Hot melt is pressurised with high-speed injection is likely to enter air in the metal, which can cause porosity in the castings †¢ The cold chamber process is used for the production of aluminium, copper base alloys and steel castings †¢ Next to zinc, aluminium is the most widely used die-casting alloy The mould has sections, which include the â€Å"cover† or hot side and the â€Å"movable† or ejector side M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 9 †¢ The die may also have additional moveable segments called slides or pulls, which are used to create features such as undercuts or holes which are parallel to the parting line †¢ Available machine capacity ranges 300 to 4000 T clamping pressure M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 10 Cold-Chamber Die Casting Process Operating Sequence of the ColdChamber Die Casting ProcessThe die is closed and the molten metal is ladled into the cold-chamber shot sleeve. The plunger pushes the molten metal into the die cavity where it is held under pressure until solidification. Ejector pins push the casting out of the ejector die and the plunger returns to its original position The die opens and the plunger advances, to ensure that the casting remains in the ejector die. Cores, if any, retract. M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 11 Applications †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Fuel Pumps Carburetor Parts Valve Covers Handles M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 2 Hot Chamber Process †¢ Hot chamber process is the process where the metal is maintained at an appropriate temperature in a holding furnace adjacent to the machine †¢ The injection mechanism is located within the holding furnace and a part of it is therefore in constant contact with the molten metal †¢ Pressure is transmitted to the metal by the injection piston through the gooseneck and into the die †¢ On the return stroke metal is drawn into the g ooseneck for the next shot M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 13 Hot Chamber Process In this process there is minimum contact between air and the metal to be injected †¢ Due to the contact between the metal and parts of the injection system hot chamber is restricted to zinc-base alloys †¢ The Zinc alloys are mostly used in the die casting process †¢ They have physical, mechanical and casting properties †¢ Applications limited to low melting point metals that do not chemically attack nozzle and other mechanical components M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 14 Hot Chamber Process †¢ The main advantage of this process includes fast cycle times of approximately 15 cycles per minute Due to this process, hot chamber machines are used with Casting metals likes zinc, tin, lead, and magnesium M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 15 Hot Chamber Die Casting Process M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 16 Advantages †¢ Economical for large produ ction quantities †¢ More accuracy †¢ Surface finish is good †¢ Thin sections are possible †¢ Fast cooling leads small grain size and also good strength to casting †¢ Dimensional control is achieved †¢ Due to thin walls, weight is reduced M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 17Disadvantages †¢ High tooling costs †¢ Size restrictions of castings †¢ Volume restrictions †¢ Generally limited to metals with low metal points †¢ Part geometry must allow removal from die M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 18 Applicability †¢ Excellent for large and complicated shapes, particularly with internal features †¢ Can produce net shape or near net shape components †¢ Used where mechanical properties are not important †¢ Used where solid state processing is difficult or uneconomical M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 19 Conclusion Depending on the field of application Die casting plays a crucial role in fulfill ing the requirement accordingly &depending on the size and shape of component and material used the appropriate process should be selected †¢Mainly by controlling and maintaining the various parameters such as material, machine, cycle time and impression(mould)the effectiveness can be improved and its directly reflects in M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 20 †¢ Reducing maintenance cost †¢ Quality of component is improved †¢ Rejection rate is less †¢ Wastage of material is less Life of machine and mould is improved †¢ By following these parameters overall process will be effective & which leads to economic effectiveness M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 21 Reference [1] Unknown. , pressure die casting process, www. wikipedia. com, [2] Unknown, Advantages of PDC, www. dynecast. com, [3] Unknown. , cold chamber die casting, www. diecastetechnology. blogspot. com , [4] Unknown. , Hot chamber die casting, www. duecasting. com [4] Module notes ENG:MATLS. Dr Ns mahesh MSRSAS Bangalore. , M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 22 THANK YOU M. S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 23

Bad Habits

Nose Picking Everybody picks their nose at times. Not everybody picks their nose in a public place where others might see them. Many people really dislike seeing someone pick their nose. It’s particularly offensive when the nose picker picks with relish, as though he were embarking on an exploring expedition to some unknown land. If you need to pick your nose, you should do it in private to avoid upsetting anybody else. Bear in mind that your car is not a public place. If you decide to pick your nose on the commute to work, people in other vehicles on the freeway will see you digging for gold. . Gross Eating A lot of people cannot abide bad table manners. They get offended if someone chews with their mouth open, talks while eating, clangs the cutlery against their teeth, or makes vile noises when masticating. Nobody wants to hear the noise of food slopping around inside your mouth, or listen to a sound that is reminiscent of someone stirring a pot of soggy semolina. Nothing you have to say is so important that it justifies showing other people the chewed up piece of steak you are currently attempting to eat. If you are eating in the presence of other people, it’s worth using some manners if you don’t want to annoy anyone. 3. Repetitive Noises Some people have the bad habit of making some kind of repetitive noise. For instance, you might tap your foot, flick your teeth, hit your pen against the side of the desk, sniff, or make a funny throat clearing sound. If a person has to listen to another individual make the same noise again and again day after day, it can start to get on their nerves fairly quickly. The repetitive noise you like to make may comfort you on a subconscious level, but it isn’t soothing for anybody else. 4. Stinking Farts Everybody has to pass gas at some point, but that doesn’t mean that other people want to smell the contents of your colon. Nobody likes to smell a fart. This is particularly true of a fart that is smelled in the public domain. Nothing is worse than walking down the aisle in a department store and finding yourself immersed in a cloud of someone else’s ghastly rectal gas, or standing in an elevator that smells like a recently-used toilet. If you have to break wind and you know you’re probably going to stink, go to the bathroom or at least do it in an empty space. 5. Constant Interruptions Some people just love to talk. They love to talk so much that they cannot let anyone else finish a sentence, or watch a movie in peace. When you are trying to say something and someone else cuts in all of the time, it gets annoying very quickly. If you interrupt someone in mid-sentence, you might as well tell them to shut up because what you have to say is more interesting. When you talk during a movie, you stop other viewers from being able to relax and enjoy it. Is what you have to say really so important that it’s worth annoying others and giving the impression that you are thoroughly rude? 6. Shouting Down the Cell Phone Cell phone technology is not new. It is now unusual not to have a cell phone. Thus most people have encountered at least one individual with an inclination to shout conversations down their cell phone while in a public setting such as an airport departure lounge or a restaurant. Cell phone shouters can be very irritating when you are trying to relax and enjoy your day. It almost seems as though they think their personal business is so enthralling that everybody wants to hear about it when the truth is that nobody else cares. When you must answer your cell phone in public, try to move to a quieter setting. For instance if you are in a restaurant, go outside to take your call. If you cannot go anywhere else, at least try to keep your voice down. 7. Mindless Chatter There are some people who are obviously uncomfortable with silence. In fact silence makes them feel so uneasy that they feel compelled to fill it with the sound of their own voice, even though they don’t have anything remotely important or significant to say. For a person that likes their own space and revers peace and tranquility, such mindless chatter can be incredibly vexing. If you sometimes feel inclined to converse about nothing in particular, or repeat something you said ten minutes ago just because nobody has said anything for a while, then don’t. Go and read a book or find something else to do. There is such a thing as companionable silence.

Miranda Warning, How it changed Police Interrogation Term Paper

Miranda Warning, How it changed Police Interrogation - Term Paper Example The first major change in police interrogation - that is, from following the voluntariness test - occurred in state law. In 1966 the United States Supreme Court decided the case of Miranda. The Miranda decision has been the mirror for modern application of the Fifth Amendment’s privilege against compulsory self-incrimination in both federal and state criminal cases. Ernesto Miranda was convicted on charges of rape and kidnapping after providing police with a signed confession. Miranda's questioning by police lasted 2 hours and was conducted in an interrogation room without the aid of a lawyer. The three other defendants charged with the crimes experienced similar interrogation situations (Miranda v. Arizona, 1966; see Vignera v. New York; California v. Stewart; and Westover v. U.S., as cited in Oberlander & Goldstein, 2001). The Miranda Court, led by Chief Justice Earl Warren, believed a suspect automatically confronted a "compulsory" situation ("inherent pressure") when place d in a police interrogation environment. The Supreme Court believed there had been widespread abuse throughout the nation by law enforcement personnel, and thereby, †¦ concluded that without proper safeguards for the process of in- ­custody interrogation of persons suspected or accused of crime †¦ [the] inherently compelling pressures will work to undermine the individual's will to resist and [will] compel him to speak where he would not otherwise do so freely (Dunham , 2008: p. 540). Essentially, the Miranda decision established a new approach to the admissibility of suspects' confessions by rejecting a judicial case-by-case determination of whether a confession was voluntarily given. The Court ruled that... The Miranda decision established a new approach to the admissibility of suspects' confessions by rejecting a judicial case-by-case determination of whether a confession was voluntarily given. The Court ruled that any statement resulting from the interrogation of a suspect would be presumed involuntary and thus, inadmissible unless the police first provided the suspect with four warnings. Widely known as the Miranda warnings, these standards first state that the suspect has the right to remain silent. Second, any statements made by the suspect can be used as evidence against him or her. Third, the suspect has the right to the presence of an attorney during questioning. Finally, an attorney will be appointed if the suspect cannot afford counsel. In addition, the court determined that an individual may waive these Miranda rights if the waiver is "knowing, voluntary, and intelligent." Soon after the Miranda decision, police departments developed and instituted Miranda warning statements, the majority of which were patterned after the Court's suggested warnings provided in an appendix to the Miranda decision. These warnings were added to enhance the existing test for admissibility of a confession - the due process voluntariness test.

Critique an article from a published text Essay

Critique an article from a published text - Essay Example n countries and other countries, Claire Cameron wrote an article entitled ‘Social Pedagogy and Care: Danish and German Practice in Young People’s Residential Care’ which conducted an ethnographic study of social pedagogy as well as residential care in Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, and the Netherlands in order to examine the actual practice and its relationship with the provision of care in England. For this study, the researcher will make some critiques over the Cameron’s statements in the article. According to Cameron (2004), the concept of social pedagogy which focus on training and practice of social work within the residential care for children and young people is not clearly understood in UK.3 Contrary to her statement in this particular article, there are several schools in UK that is currently promoting the importance of social pedagogy in Europe’s residential care for children. In fact, looking after the children’s welfare is already a part of the main goal of UK social policy.4 The article states that social pedagogy approach in Denmark and Germany is conducted by providing the staff member of residential care homes with proper actual trainings; whereas social pedagogy approach in England is being extended to social workers through formal education in schools.5 According to Petrie et al. (2005), the term ‘pedagogy’ in England is not often used except in classrooms and formal education.6 Instead of using the word pedagogy, English people use words like childcare and early years, youth work, residential care and play work to describe a similar context or idea. Both approaches to social pedagogy should be accepted in the sense that the learners could learn the appropriate theories behind social pedagogy within a formal educational setting as well as providing the learners an actual learning experience through an on-the-spot training programs to social care workers who are directly handling children within the residential care

Comparising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Comparising - Essay Example As commonsense would dictate, a person's words are only as convincing as the listener's opinion of it. Two distinguished explorers have written historical accounts of their trip to China during the Mongol period. Both explorers wrote about the geographic details of the land, the cultures and beliefs of the inhabitants, and the political aspect of the society. However, seeing that William of Rubruck was a Flemish Franciscan missionary who, under Louis IX's orders, set out from Constantinople on a missionary journey to convert the Tartars, obviously illustrates the idea that his view is that of a religious individual's view. Whereas, Marco Polo, an explorer who came from a family of Venetian traders, may have views that are more freethinking in nature, as well as may bend towards the more political side. Although William of Rubruck was in China earlier than Marco Polo, they wrote historical accounts that could be compared to each other, especially on the physical and cultural circums tances surrounding these voyagers among different societies during the Mongol period. Life under the Mongol rule was illustrated by both writers, and both showed that indeed, during that time in history, it is the Khan who held power. In William of Rubrick's account, he told of how people bowed in reverence to the Mangus Khan, and that the latter was so powerful in society that once he summoned an individual, he hastens to the court of the Mangus Khan. In one of William of Rubrick's anecdote during his stay at Karakourum, he noted that once the Khan notices an irregularity and questions it, those questioned seem to tremble in fear of such circumstance. Marco Polo's account regarding the Khan's position in society was very much similar to that of William of Rubrick's. Polo described the Khan as a powerful individual, wherein each city they passed were all subject to him, and his power in conquering kingdoms is highly stressed by Polo. Polo also mentioned of the Great Khan's authority over the decisions and fate of the cities and its inhabitants. However, William of Rubrick wrote about the Mangus Khan in a more religious view. He talked about the Mangus Khan and his wives, taking into particular detail who were pagans, and who were Christians. He also noted his life in Karakourum, the encampment of the Mangus Khan, wherein he was fed well, as were the other priests, but that there were many inhabitants who were hungry and they had to share everything that they had with these unfortunate individuals. Polo, on the other hand, related about the Great Khan's power in a more political view. He acknowledged the Great Khan's power when he mentioned in his account the Great Khan's taking of Siang-yang-fu city in the province of Manzi, wherein he, his father, and his uncle were acknowledged and given credit for the successful taking of this city due to their idea. It is also stated in Marco Polo's narratives that he governed the city of Yang-chau for three years. Whereas, compared to William of Rubrick, Marco Polo enjoyed a higher pos ition of authority in society during

High Performance Computers (HPC) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

High Performance Computers (HPC) - Research Paper Example Power efficiency has not been a focus of most HPC systems till now. Power consumed during the operating of High Performance Linpack (HPL) benchmark is, contrary to the conventionally prevailing concept, near the power used by a subset of scientific workload that is typically computer intensive. This makes the HPL suitable for use in power measurement, though it is not recommendable for performance measurement in most cases (Kamil, Shalf, and Strohmaier, n.d.). The efficiency and performance of HPCs can be assessed from their composition, HPCs have all the essential elements found in the regular desktop computers including memory, operating system, disk, and processors, and more. HPCs can be understood as clusters of computers. Each computer in each cluster has anywhere from one to four processors, with each processor having between two and four cores. Individual computers forming part of a cluster are called as nodes. A small business may have a cluster of four or more nodes, with the number of cores being at least 16. Businesses commonly have cluster sizes ranging from 16 to 64 nodes and the number of cores ranges from 64 to 256 (inside HPC, 2014). HPCs show their efficiency with the mutual functioning of the individual nodes in the clusters. Such efficiency can easily solve problems of much complex nature than what can be solved by ordinary desktop computers. The nodes are able to work together meaningfully by interacting with each othe r. Computers talk over networks to each other and business clusters have a variety of options of computer network. In terms of software, two that are employed in most HPCs are Windows and Linux. Currently, HPCs installations are dominated by Linux which can partly be attributed to the legacy of HPC in large scale machines, Unix, and supercomputing. The kind of operating system suitable for use in HPC depends upon the kinds of applications run over them. HPCs in the future will be more efficient. Petaflop

ORGANISATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

ORGANISATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY - Essay Example H). Harry Potter was influenced by Dumbledore, while people like Richard Brandson or Steve Jobs are inventors of their own new way. Harry Potter teaches that leader must be supported and directed on a way, so such a leader can continue some eternal path, fighting for a Greater Good. But leaders like Richard Brandson do what they want to do, something they have passion about. You can’t say Harry enjoys hunting Voldemort, but Mark Zukenberg does enjoy his work. People stand beside Harry to fight for a Greater Good, and follow Steve Jobs to develop themselves in a way their leader does. Another thing that differs in these types of leaders is kind of power. Manda H. Rosser mentions several kinds of power, which leader can have (Rosser, M. H). I think Victor Cram from HP is a type of leader similar to Richard Brandson or Steve Jobs. They both have an Expert kind of power, and they’re successful in a particular

The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring Essay

The Lord of the Rings - The Fellowship of the Ring - Essay Example He was not alone in his undertaking. A hero archetype always has supernatural help and Frodo got his from the Gandalf who helped keep him safe during his journey; he also had supernatural help from Elrond who healed him after he got stabbed by a Ringwraith. He proved himself a worthy hero many times during his journey, by surviving the stabbing from the Ringwraith, by surviving being skewered by the troll in the caves of Moria, and by resisting the growing influence of the ring. He could have chosen to take the ring for himself and give up destroying it all together, but he did not. He could have delivered the ring to Sauron so that he could relieve himself of the enormous burden and responsibility of being ring bearer, but he did not. He chose to trudge on through dangerous forests, rugged mountains, deep dark caves, while evading and surviving attacks from orcs, trolls, the Urukhai, goblins, Ringwraiths, and other villains sent by Sauron and Saruman. A hero archetype usually suffer s an unhealable wound. Frodo suffered such wound in the hands of a Ringwraith. As Elrond later said to Gandalf, Frodo’s wound would never really heal. And beyond the wound that he suffered, the trauma and the burden of his perilous journey will stay with him for years to come. Frodo’s experiences are universal to mankind because they portray very real and very human struggles. Beyond the wizards, the elves, the orcs, the goblins, and other mythological characters in the movie, is our personal struggle between good and evil. We constantly face moral and ethical dilemmas in our lives, and there is no real need to go through cataclysmic events in order to overcome these dilemmas. Frodo’s need to destroy the ring can relate to humanity’s struggle to destroy evil. This struggle is often seen in our wars, our fight against terrorism and tyranny, our battles with power-grabbing and scheming

Wood processing technology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wood processing technology - Research Paper Example Aesthetically recycled wood could be more resilient and more manageable than actual wood. In terms of strength recycled wood can also be comparable and would be able to withstand the requirement of wood products. The objective of the proposed thesis is to educate the different sectors dependent on wood and the sector that heavily contribute to wood processes of the advantages of recycled wood. It is also the objective of this thesis to provide alternative processes that would make use of recycled wood rather than raw wood in wood processes. The proposed thesis will be able to provide information on the different qualities and specifications of the different recycling methods and the recycled wood products that they produce. Using secondary sources and the works of others in the same subject of research will enable the proposed thesis to provide reliable information that could be used by wood producers. Due to the limited time and resources experimentation with regards to the strength and aesthetic impact of recycled wood cannot be done. â€Å"There is an increasing need to develop technologies in which renewable materials are used as direct replacement for non-renewables. Our current rate of consumption of non-renewable are high and in most cases increasing, but the reserves from which they are obtained are finite and exhaustible. Our present patterns of consumption are not sustainable in the long term. Although this problem appears to be unique to the 21st century, these concerns are not new.† (Hill) The wood industry is on its last breath as the last 10 million trees remaining on the world’s forest are being harvested for its wood. If sustainable wood processing technique is not found or developed that would rely heavily on processed wood. The wood industry will die as a trade. Wood processing is the only industry that directly damages the environment. The raw material itself comes

My chosen product Essay Example for Free

My chosen product Essay My chosen product is a Philips Plasma Screen TV. This is my SWOT analysis for this electronic product. Strengths: Flat screen plasma TVs are becoming increasingly popular and as this certain product includes stand and speakers as standard meaning its a bargain. Weakness: There are a large range of different plasma screens available meaning customers are spoilt for choice. This includes competition with rival plasma producers all competing to be sold. Opportunities: Philips are continually producing new quality stands and screens allowing them to offer more products to potential buyers. Threats: Competition posed to Philips by other large organisations such as Sony are the biggest threat. This is due to them both competing for a large share of the same market. Section 4: Stakeholders Richer sounds main stakeholders are: Customers are existing customers. They have a relationship with the organisation as their link is that they buy the products or the services. Employees rely on the business for employment so therefore have a relationship with the business. Suppliers take orders from the business making sales, this they are stakeholders. Sponsors (of the organisation) pay money to associate the name of their product or business with an event or person. The bankers of the business lend money to company therefore making them an important stakeholder within the organisation. All the above stakeholders are interested in the business as they rely on their activities and trades to keep their organisation running. An example of this is suppliers, without taking orders from the business; they will not make any profit, which may lead the organisation to shut down. [M2] When businesses are faced with concerned stakeholders, they have a choice of either taking action, or not. The decision taken will usually depend on the power of the stakeholder group, the issue the group has raised, or the effect of any action taken upon other stakeholder groups. As every business has a main aim to survive, its usually sensible for businesss to respond to stakeholders concerns. Lack of consideration may lead to boycotts, which will decrease profits. An example of this is when Greenpeace called for a boycott of Shell petrol with the result of sales falling by approximately 50%. This is also a problem for Richer Sounds as its part of the large sound and vision market, meaning loss of profit may cause Richer Sounds to fall and become bottom of the market. If this happened Richer Sounds competitors would have an increased profit, making it harder for Richer Sounds to recover. However if the organisation chooses to do nothing about the issue it may at times damage the business by boycotts which eventually lead to profit lose. Taking action against these concerns may benefit the business, however bearing that no business will ever be able to please all its stakeholders all the time. If Richer Sounds was faced with this problem, they could choose to either face or sort the problem, or to ignore it. In my opinion, Richer Sounds should tackle and face the problem, because consequences could be fatal (such as boycotts). An example of this was when Greenpeace boycotted Shells Fuel organisation, resulting in loss of approximately 50% in profit. Richer Sounds keeps up very well with changing technology thus it must also keep up with all other external influences such as, economical factors. Richer sounds are affected by a range of economical factors including exchange rates. This is due to the fact that Richer Sounds buys a large share of their stock abroad. When Richer Sounds makes purchases form Europe, the price usually depends on the value of the pound relating in relation to the euro. Richer Sounds always benefits if the pound is stronger, thus the goods cost less. However if the pound is falling in value, Richer sounds then have to take this into consideration as the goods are then more expensive. Richer sounds might successfully adapt its activities, by simply watching the changes in money rates and the strength of the pound to the euro. Another factor that also affects Richer sounds is the level of prices. If the general level of prices increases, then Richer sounds will be forced to increase there prices as well. When prices are increased then competition also gets heated. However, the prices of electrical goods have fallen over the last few years, thus allowing Richer sounds to become more competitive then ever. To help combat these problems Richer Sounds may choose to keep record of the prices and sales, as it may help them predict whether the prices of certain products may increase or decrease.

Final Report Essay Example for Free

Final Report Essay Information need not be passed down through physical means like mail or newspapers. It can be done through SMS (short messaging service), a phone call or even an email. Underlying such great inventions is the use of electronic devices to transmit and receive signals. Due to the demand for faster and larger data flow, complex systems such as Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) have been developed. This project is confined to the fundamental concepts used in digital communication. These key concepts include sampling, quantization and frame synchronization. The circuit designed is meant for one-way dataflow. It supports transmission by one user from any analog input. Hence, it is not necessary to select between multiple analog inputs using the frequency-division multiplexing technique. In transmitting wirelessly, a laser and photodiode are used instead of antennas. This choice is made because it is complex to build a Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) circuit. Without FSK, an antenna would need to be 75km long in order to transmit a wave of 4 kHz. 1. 2 Problem Identification In this project, a laser pointer is used to transmit analog signal wirelessly. In order to realize digital transmission, the analog signal must be converted into digital form using a Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) encoder. Before the signal can be decoded at the receiver end, frame synchronization must be achieved. Hence, a training sequence must be sent to synchronize the receiver and transmitter. Next, a Digital Phase Locked Loop (DPLL) is needed to lock on to the transmitted signal and generate clocks at the receiver end. In the final stage, the digital signal is converted back to an analog signal. This signal is then played through a speaker. 1. 3 Constraints Availability of Manpower Our main constraint lies in the shortage of manpower. Due to the complexity of the DPLL Circuit and Training Sequence Identification Circuit, more members should be allocated to these two subgroups. However, this is not possible as our group consists of only eight members. This constraint will be addressed in the implementation section of this report. Components The design of any combinational logic circuit is confined to the availability of chips (gates). In this project, we are not provided with AND and NOR gates. Hence, knowledge of Boolean algebra will aid us in realizing any logic with the universal NAND gate. In addition, the design of logic circuits also depends on the space of breadboard. Hence, minimizing the number of chips used takes higher precedence over the simplicity of design. This is to achieve compactness on the breadboard. Time A short time frame of seven weeks is given to build a laser communication system. Apart from building the prototype, our group must submit design and final reports for grading. Hence, it is critical that all group members adhere to the schedule. Further, since there are no extra lab sessions provided for testing and debugging, subgroups must build the circuits before going for the lab session. . System Design 2. 1 Project Requirements 1. 2. 048 MHz Master Clock, 64 KHz Bit Clock and 8 KHz Frame Synchronization: with rising edges aligned. 2. Clock signals into PCM encoder, training sequence generator and multiplexer. 3. Coder and decoder chips are needed for analog to digital conversion and digital to analog conversion respectively. 4. Model the photodiode as a voltage source. 5. Yield minimal noise in the photodiode circuit. 6. DPLL: Determine the value of K, N, M and constant phase difference between local clock and data sequence. 7. DPLL: Design a divide by N Counter. 8. Frame synchronization must be achieved. 9. Training Sequence must be generated. 10. A D flip-flop is required to switch training frame to data frame at the correct instance. 11. A logic circuit must be implemented to identify the training sequence at the receiver end. 12. Implement a â€Å"Divide by 8† counter to yield 8 KHz Frame Synchronization Receiver from the 64 KHz Bit Clock. 2. 2 Design of System The system consists of two functional components. They are the transmitter and receiver. In the discussion of this system, the transmitter side will be first discussed followed by the receiver end. 2. 3 Design of Transmitter The transmitter consists of several sub-blocks. These sub-blocks include the clock and counter networks, training sequence generator, switch, encoder and the laser link. 2. 3. 1 Clock and Counter Networks In this system, 2. 048MHz Master Clock (MCLK), 64 KHz Bit Clock (BCLK) and 8 KHz Frame Synchronization Signal (FSYN) are required. BCLK and FSYN are required by the training sequence generator and multiplexer (MUX) switch respectively. The encoder chip requires MCLK, BCLK and FSR. As such, the breadboard layout shown in Figure 1 is adopted. Figure 1: Breadboard Layout (Transmitter) Master Clock (MCLK) The Master Clock (MCLK) is obtained from the signal generators available in the lab. As a high speed clock is needed by the PCM encoder to function, the value of 2. 048 MHz is chosen. MCLK provides the timing signal to synchronize the other clocks in the system. In this manner, the rising edge of the generated BCLK and FSR will coincide with MCLK. Bit Clock (BCLK) The Bit Clock (BCLK) frequency is 64 KHz. This is generated by inputting MCLK into the Counter (74HC191) followed by a D Flip-flop (74HC74). BCLK is required because the frequency of bits generated by the encoder is 64 KHz. The BCLK allows the bit stream to be synchronized with the clock network. Frame Synchronization Signal (FSYN)

International Strategic Plan Project: Camel Milk

International Strategic Plan Project: Camel Milk The whole Project is based on the encouraging and opening a new business and entering into an international market. Camel Milk is famous in the Arab countries which can be exported to other countries based on which there are various strategies and analysis proposed which helps in analyzing the situation of the foreign country. There are mission statements and goals define by the firm which has to be developed by the company in order to keep forwarding in a particular direction. After that product analysis is done which is to make research on the analysis on the product. The environmental assessment is done that is about the various forces which play a major role in the investment in the foreign country. After discussing about the various forces there are marketing strategies which comes in the place. There has been SWOT Analysis which has been done in order to understand the situations in the country where the investment is done. Introduction- The purpose of proposing this business plan is to mainly focus on the camels and their product camel milk. Now a days Camel milk is getting popularity all over the world with its various properties being very useful for the human beings. We will be discussing about the company profile formed for the product which we are going to deliver and there would be various other topics which would come in the discussion which mainly comprises of Product Analysis, Environmental Assessment, Marketing, Competitive and human resources strategy and in the end there is analysis done on our findings. Globalization is described as the process through which the terms like societies, economies and culture are integrated through a particular network of various political ideas through various means such as trade, communication and transportation. In this project the term globalization is also referred as transnational circulation of languages, ideas or culture through acculturation. The expansion is needed in the market and at every aspect where the increment in the economy can be seen. The main target is the international market where there could be so many chances for developing the business. As Camel milk is generally produced in the Arab countries where camels are found in large amount and the milk obtained from them is beneficial in many contexts. Business Concepts- In this section of our study we will be describing our mission statements and business goals of our company. The company name selected is Alvin. Mission Statements- The company will keep on acquiring and developing quality properties which are totally based upon the practical values for the affiliation of its own investment and for its partners. These activities will continue in the targeted markets and sub markets which are generally spread throughout the France and the activities will be focusing on the transactions which would take advantage of unique opportunities. Once there is development of properties the company would like to provide systems, skills and services necessary to develop the high standard quality product to gain the upmost operating efficiencies and finally to apprehend the highest profit performance. Business Goals- There are many goals which are setup by the company to achieve the target which have been estimated to achieve throughout the year. Some of the goals are Achievement of brand recognition within a short time. Regularly launching of new products and creation of employee-friendly work environment. A definite time frame is indicated for reaching on the stage of profitability after a successful launch. A clear vision for all the employees is provided for what they are working. There are goals set up by the company so as to achieve the target mentioned in the beginning of the financial year. There should be brand which should be getting recognized or famous with the passage of time or within a short period and regularly there should be launch of new products and environment should be worth working. The time limit should be stated for a particular project to reach a stage of profitability and a clear vision is to be mentioned in front of every employee. Product Analysis- Description of Product- The product which is given for the study is camel milk which has been introduced in the France. The camel milk has the same properties as of insulin which is useful in curing the diabetes. In this section we will be going to discuss about various characteristics of the product that we are going to launch which includes the following properties such as Functionality Style Color Design The product which is mentioned is Camel milk which is basically designed for the country France and the product has various useful characteristics that have various applications in different fields. Functionality of the camel milk can be in its usage that is it can be used in various fields such as medicines, home usage and various other fields but mainly the usage of camel milk is in the field of making medicines for deadly diseases. So the product should be of usage in the medicinal field. Design of the product should be attractive which can catch the attention of the consumer so that the there is an increase in the sale of the product but with the high quality of design, the quality of the product should be maintained. Style of the product should be designed according to the environment of the country means as the trend going on in the country which can support the product. Color will be according to the product for example as it is given camel milk so the color of the milk will be natural here so it cannot be altered although. (Camel Milk : The biggest hump in the milk industry , 2010) The functionality, design, color and style are described in the above paragraphs apart from it the product should be fully developed and the whole of the product should be upgraded with the passage of time. The physical qualities should be a major concern for the company as it would be attracting more and more customers. The product should be attractive in nature as it should be fulfilling all the needs of physical quantities. Value Proposition- There are many benefits of the product camel milk in which some of them consists of- Camel milk is considered equal to the human mothers milk instead has 10 times more iron and more than 3 times vitamin C than cows milk. It is also considered as antibacterial and basically has low amount of lactose. Camel milk has been used by the nomadic communities for centuries as medicine. In many countries camel milk is taken use for the treatment in Tuberculosis and the most deadly disease HIV AIDS which is spreading all over the world speedily. The studies which have been done in the field of diabetes are most promising in which anti diabetic action of camel milk is considered as the important one. High concentration of insulin resembling protein is present in it which has a positive effect on the immunity. Camel milk is also being used in the manufacturing of beauty products as it contains Alpha-Hydroxy acids which are helpful in plumping the skin and smoothing fine lines. (sudani, 2010) There are various benefits describing Camel milk which is to be introduced in the foreign country. There are first of all not much competitors in the world market as it is the innovative idea and if we talk about the remaining competence then the product launch will try to attract more and more of customers which are going to be sell at cheap prices than as compared with the market price. There will be lucrative offers which are provided along with the camel milk which will give a step ahead of the other companies. Environmental Assessment- There are many forces which play a major role in deciding the success of a product like camel milk which is imported from United Arab Emirates. Some of the forces are described below- Socio-cultural Forces- The national culture of country is one of the cardinal factor and an essential component in the success of the companies. Major interest of market is in culture, habits and some proportion of attitude also which is important to get success in the international business. The working of a company depends on the way of interaction with the people where differences in culture are observed. Basically these are the social and cultural factors which can come across during business of camel milk in France. (Socio-Cultural forces and international business, 2009) There are many other major issues which are related with the socio-cultural components such as attitude, belief, religion and language. These are considered with respect to the customers and the requirements of the people according to which delivery of the product is done. The policies of the company should be made taking socio cultural forces in mind. The attitude and belief of the peoples should be judge before investing in a particular country. The religion should be seen as it would not harm the religious belief of the people and the marketing which is to be done should be in the proper local language of that country. A professor Geert Hofstede has evaluated five dimensions which are compared with one or the other terms through which the country could be analyzed as first dimension is about the small v/s large power distance, Masculanity against Femininity, Weak against strong uncertainity avoidance, Long against short term orientation and individualism v/s collectivism. These are the dimensions which can be helpful in describing cultural differences within the country or characteristics of an individual in a particular region as there will be many kind of people living in a particular country. Economic and Socio-Economic Forces- Economic forces generally refer to the character of the economy system of the country. The economic policies offered by the government which are suitable for the camel milk and the businessmen anticipate the market situations and make maximize with the minimum cost. There should be capital market available in the France to establish business in the sector of camel milk which will be exported from United Arab Emirates. The businessmen also study about the nature of factor endowment before investing in a particular country. There are major issues like International debt and age distribution which should be kept in mind. The international debt is about the loan on the banks which is taken by the company which is considered as the economic forces and age distribution that is the product which is being developed should be manufactured taking every age person in their mind. There are 8 dimensions present which come across the economic forces that are Gross National Income, GNI/capita, Income distribution, Private consumption, exchange rate, interest rate, and Unit labor cost and inflation rate. These dimensions also affect the economic condition of the country as investors analyze these dimensions. The gross national income of the France was $ 2177.7 billion in the year 2005 and in the same year GNI per capita was $ 30,540. In the year 2009 the inflation rate is 0.1% apart from the 2.8% in the year 2008. The interest rate in the past few years was 6.7% in France. These all statistics are also analyzed while investing in a particular area or region and also these were the eight dimensions which has to be take care while investing. Legal Forces- The country France is considered as the civil law country and the legal system is based on the body of written law. The legal forces are attached with two judicial systems- administrative and judicial. There is a provision of extra legal protection to the French citizens so there would be no chance for any mistakes committed by the exporters of the camel milk. Many legal and political forces is acting presently on the exporting and importing of any product which make difficult for any of the businessmen to setup a new business in the country. Political Forces- The political factors are affecting the business at the global level which comes in many forms. The ideological forces for instance capitalism, communism and socialism which plays an important role in the operation of business and considered as venturing in the international commerce. These all factors play an important role in the exporting of camel milk in France. There are many several areas where government controls businesses through interfering in the policies like safety, zoning, wages, employment conditions and various other areas. Other political factor is the political environment in a particular country is in flux, which can also affect business in importing, exporting or operating in that particular country as it is here in France. (Foreign Environments Affecting International Business, 2010) Financial Forces- As other forces the financial forces is also important with respect to the exporting camel milk to the France. There are much financial laws and policies created in the France which can create hindrance in the setup of business. The company which is setting up business in France should be financially strong as it could face few setbacks at the starting of the business as well as financial forces should be lenient. Labor Forces- There would be requirement of labor to work in the firms as the setup of camel milk industry requires large labor force. There is increment in the female labor work in the France which was reported as 46.98 percent in 2008 which was high as compared with the past few years. In France, Labor force normally consists of the people between age group 15 and older and France is considered as second trading nation and second largest economy in Europe. So the laws and policies for labor forces are made easy for the international business. The labor force should be taken with the quantity and quality of the labor which is available in the market of that country that is a company has a requirement of cheap and a good quality work force for their firms and usually the force should be local as they would be knowing the taste of the people according to which suggestions could be taken from them to bring up innovations. The size of the workforce should be moderate who can handle and manage the work. The relationship between the manager or employer and employee should be healthy as it would take help in their maintaining decorum at their work place. Market Entry Strategy- Market entering strategy is the method of providing services to a particular market and distributing goods there. There are many advantages in exporting the products to the France through three ways which are as follows- It minimizes the investment in the upfront. It overcomes the need of the large extra fixed cost which is required for investment. It develops a strategy to enter in the market which avoids making costly or dangerous overseas mistakes. There are basically three common strategies to enter any type of market which are indirect exporting, directly exporting products and producing product in the target market. These were the basic strategies which can give a start to any type of business but to maintain a reputation in the growing market there is a need of other strategies which can fulfill the purpose of exporting the product. We are going to concentrate on the market of France where camel milk id to be exported from the United Arab Emirates as we know that it is hub for the market of camel milk. It also depends on the financial resources of the country to enter in the market in which France is at strong part. In building a market strategy, there are various factors which should be kept in mind such as time, image through promotion, intelligence system and effort and money. As we know that camel milk is not at all famous in the country like France because of less quantity of camel. So there is a need of promotion campaigns which requires a large investment. There can be facing of difficulty in the contract which can be costly or weak legal integrations between two countries. There are various types of marketing entry strategies and some of them are- Exporting which is somewhat traditional way of operating in the foreign markets. It is the marketing of goods which is produced in a particular country into another country. This is the method which we will be using in our product that is camel milk which is produced in UAE to France. Licensing could be method in which a company is allowed to manufacture, process, trademark and some other skills provided by the licensor which will be difficult in the case of camel milk because it cannot be manufactured in France. Joint Ventures is referred to an enterprise in which there are two or more than two investors share ownership and control rights and operations of property. There are several other strategies which can be useful in entering in the market but the above mentioned strategies are basically used. (Chapter 7 : Market Entry Strategy) Marketing Strategy- Market Analysis- In the analysis of market there are various segments included which is competitive analysis, market segmentation and target market. Competitive analysis is analyzing about the competition present in the market of France which will be least in the case of camel milk. There could be competition of the camel milk from the Asia which could be found in France which is another source of camel milk. The target market should be the milk product which is being produced through milk of another animal; it should be mainly replaced by camel milk product as there is high consumption of cheese in the France which could be main focus of the company so as to develop the cheese product from the camel milk which is exported from United Arab Emirates. Market segmentation refers to the various segments of the milk products which are present in the market of France; the company should try to replace the products through its marketing strategies or marketing campaigns. Product Strategies- The product which we will be offering will be camel milk and the products manufactured from the same. As we know that the products made of cheese are too famous out there in France which will be our main focus of marketing. We just have to try to curb in maximum of the market through our marketing strategies and campaigns. Camel milk is not at all famous in France which will make hard for the company to make it famous and requires more effort. The product should be made differently or the taste or packing should be somewhat different and attractive from other products present in the market. Distribution Strategy (Place)- The place selected is the country France in which firstly the product should be launched in the main metro cities which can grab the market or gain experience which should be then expanded to the rural areas. The place should be effectively chosen where there are so much chances of failure. Pricing Strategy- The main issue which arises at the time of launching of any product is the price selection for the product as it should not cost customer much and on the other side it should be beneficial for the company as well. The price should be compared and lowered as much as the other product prices which can give extra zeal to the quality of the product. Promotional Strategies- As we talk about promotional strategies then the standard and quality of product should be maintained with the passage of time. The alteration in price should not be much which can make difference in the reputation of the company. There should be improvement in the product with the observation of market and other products and essential improvement should be made. Competitive Strategy- Competitive strategy is considered as a plan about the firm and their plans to completely formulate or evaluate the strengths and weaknesses as compared with those of its competitors as an example a small meatpacking place which has decided to concentrate on the special product that is offered in limited areas determining that it cannot compete with the major competitors. The main author, writer and researcher Porter have given Porters generic competitive strategies which can help the firm find the ways to find the ways to compete. So the strategies help the company to make its strategies while entering into the market so as to make the market in favor of the camel milk. The relative position of the firm decides the profitability is above or below average of a particular industry. There are two basic types of competitive advantages which can be possessed by any particular firm that is low cost or differentiation and these two basic types of advantage combined with the scope of the activities and the firms try to achieve them. This leads to three generic strategies for achieving the above performance in the market- Cost Leadership- In this kind of strategy the firm tries to become low cost producer in the whole industry and the sources of the advantage in the cost are varied and mostly depend on the structure of the industry which includes economical, technological and many other factors. The producer of low cost must fin and exploit all the sources of the cost advantages. Differentiation- In this kind of strategy the firm should be having a unique in the whole industry along the various dimensions which are widely valued by the buyers. There is selection of a single or more attributes which is considered as important in an industry and positioned them in a unique place to meet the needs and the firm is rewarded with the premium price for its uniqueness. Focus- The strategy of focus basically rests on the choice of a narrow scope of competition within an industry. A particular individual known as focuser selects a segment or a bunch of segment in the industry and manipulate its strategies. (Porters Generic Competitive Strategies) The basic task of the strategy maker is to assess the situation and cope with the competition but however managers have defined the competition very narrowly. There are five forces which are shaped that understand the industry situation is Threat of the new entrants Bargaining power of the suppliers Bargaining power of the buyers Rivalry among existing competitors Threat of substitute services or products. The configurations of the forces differ from the industry and the strongest force determines the profitability and become most important in the formulation of the strategy. The camel milk should have to follow the five forces which have to make their profitability maximum. Human Resource Strategy- Human Resource Strategy in our view is a strategic process or outcome which is jointly shared by the line managers and human resources to solve the problems related with the business. The human resource department of the firm recruits top talent and keeps the present employees satisfied by their beneficial plans. Human Resource strategies are as unique as the fingerprints because in order to flourish, they all need a special guidance and managerial support. As we are going to introduce camel milk in the international market so we will need a specific human resource strategies which could make the market in favor of the product. The companys goals and objectives are kept in mind while attempting for a successful Human Resource strategies. We have to adopt more than one growing paths so as to place our investments and to find out the capabilities of the company to accomplish the choices of the growth. There should be both long term and short term objectives set to help the hiring managers which seek qualified talent for the open positions. The companys objective should be kept in mind in order focus on the connection with the people and the goals themselves. There is specific framework which is followed by the company in order to set up the business in the other country because there are many w eaknesses and threats which comes in the way while encountering the international market. The company provides with the opportunities and responsibilities to the employees wherever possible so as to enhance their efficiency, productivity. The personal responsibility which is provided to the employees set a defined purpose for the employees within the company to focus on their energies where they can have the greatest impact. The company is entering the market so they have to develop human resource strategy within themselves to avoid the threats of the new entrants in the international market. As there are many hazards that most often spoil the success of the strategy so the strategies should be practical and most of the time close to the business. There should be pivot points in the talent and organization which should be find out in order to have the most positive impact on the results. There should be separate treatment given to the talent and jobs as both of them are the separate things at their places. Finally there is a superb Human Resource strategy but it will be of no use if the proper professionals and channels are not in place to put that strategy in action, there is a support needed from top to down in order to succeed in the strategy formed by the company for entering in the international market. SWOT Analysis- Strengths- As we all know if we are introducing camel milk in the foreign countries it is some kind of new and innovative product or services which will help in developing and capturing the minds of the people. The location of the business should be at the place where it is easy for the buyer, supplier and to the company. The process and procedures would be of best quality as in todays world there is focus given on quality instead of quantity. The marketing expertise should be specialist in their respective field as the company is entering in the new market which will pose many different situations and problems in front of the company. Weaknesses- When we are entering an international market which can pose by many weaknesses to a particular company as the company could lack in the marketing expertise and the product could be undifferentiated or services could be same as the other competitors are giving which will not attract the customers for your product. The main weakness which comes in the way is the location of the business which be situated in a particular place where it is easier for both suppliers and buyers. The quality of the goods and services should be maintained and should be increased with the passage of time of the settling of the business. The reputation of the brand should be maintained throughout the service years as it would fetch more and more customers for their product. Opportunities- There are many opportunities available for a particular company in an international market as it could provide a developing market for an instance internet. There are many joint ventures, mergers and strategic alliances. When the company is moving into a new market then the market segment in which the company is entering offer an improved profits. There are loads and loads of improved and profitable international market present in many countries where the company could maximize its profit. There may be chances of vacated place in the market through the ineffectiveness of the competitors which could be grasped as an opportunity. Threats- At the time of entering an international market there is more chances of threats than any other thing. The main threat is the entry of new entrants in the home market which can bring up them with some different and attractive strategy in the market and grasp their customers. There is a price war which can be seen anytime of the year between the competitors whereas the competitor could bring up with the new, innovative and extraordinary services or products. There is a threat of the superiority in accessing the channels of distribution with the competitors and the other threat which could be imposed on the company is of taxation that is the product or services could face the imposing of taxation which can make the product costlier. So these were the major threats which could be imposed on the company. (SWOT Analysis, 2010) Conclusion- So as we have discussed about various aspects related with the entering into the international market and the issues and strategies related with the introduction of the camel milk in the international market. The profile of the company is defined initially so as to develop various strategies related with the international market plan. The camel milk is the new and innovative product as there are not many places in the world where camel can be found except mainly in Asia and Africa. So it would help the company manufacture various kinds of product in order to capture the market related with the camel milk. There are no such kinds of competitors which can be found in the world market in order to provide competition to the company. There are various strategies discussed which could help the company sustain in the market which gives no chance of doing mistakes.

Forbidden Knowledge in Digging for China :: Digging for China

Searching for Forbidden Knowledge in Digging for China In Richard Wilbur's poem, "Digging for China", he writes, " 'Far enough down is China,' somebody said. 'Dig deep enough and you might see the sky as clear as at the bottom of a well.'" (Lines 1-3) Wilbur was suggesting to his readers that if one looks at the world in a different way, they could find a totally different place. We can see this concept when we explore Wilbur's poem as a whole piece. He is talking about finding a paradise in one's backyard. He emphasizes a lot about prayer, and looking harder and digging deeper for this other world. He warns his readers that they must not loose the rest of their life by trying to change one thing. When we, the readers, break apart Wilbur's poem, we find the continuous acknowledgement of religion. The person in the poem works day and night trying to reach China. He/she was on hands and knees trying to dig this hole. "It was a sort of praying, I suspect." (Lines 12-13) This person is realizing that they have to look other places for their "paradise" they are trying to find, so they look to God. When they do this, they are covered in brightness. Wilbur uses the word "palls" to express this idea. The true definition is a black velvet cover that drapes over a coffin. If the person wouldn't have looked to God in prayer, then their "paradise" would be covered in this darkness, rather than the brightness they found. Another word that Wilbur used in reference to prayer was "paten". A paten is a plate that the Eucharist is carried on. The Eucharist is the body of Christ; his life. In the poem, the life that the person was looking for was growing before them, but they were still looking into the hole. The person then begins to realize that they are looking in the wrong place. We see this when Wilbur writes, "my eyes where tired of looking into darkness, my sunbaked head of hanging down a hole." (Lines 18-19) They realize that this idea of their "paradise" is taking away from their life and that they must take their head out of the darkness that it has caused. Wilbur brings up the sun because it shows that the person is coming back to consciousness.

Passivity: A Way of Life. :: Essays Papers

Passivity: A Way of Life. The life of the main character – Rukmani was filled with hardships. Happy times were a rarity, and everyday life was full of work from sunrise to sunset. Yet despite all the work, her family was in utter poverty. Nevertheless Rukmani was always optimistic, and accepted her life the way it was. Kenny, on the other hand, never understood why they accept their poverty and always tried to get them to rise up. It is Indian ideology and the belief in karma with reincarnation that led Rukmani and many other Indian people to a passive life. This passivity is seen throughout the book. However especially in the few instances after major disasters and crises this way of life stands out. At first, Rukmani couldn’t have children after her first daughter. Kenny cured her, and then she bore five sons. Afterwards, she met Kenny and proudly said â€Å"You are my benefactor†¦have I not five sons to prove it?†(p. 36) Kenny answered, â€Å"Am I to blame for your excesses?† This was a half- sarcastic remark. However, only half – sarcastic. Ok, you need sons to work in the field, two sons can manage if Nathan managed alone. You can barely provide for a few people, but the family consists of eight. Yet everything is just fine. Another instance is when the terrible storm hit the village and destroyed the rice paddy. When the storm finished, Rukmani just said that it will grow back and so did Nathan. At the time of the terrible drought the crop was destroyed, and even after cutting a deal of paying half the rent, selling clothes, and a few other things they didn’t have enough money to pay the half, Nathan wanted to sell the seed and a lot of other stuff. Rukmani pleaded with him â€Å"Let us only try,†¦ Let us keep our hope for the next harvest.†(p. 80) Again there is the optimism. Finally, she even confirms this passivity herself. When Kenny showed her the plans for the hospital, and the started to talk about the costs, Rukmani couldn’t understand why people gave so much money to help. Kenny said, â€Å"Because they have means, do no the sick die in the streets because there is no hospital for them? Are not your children born in gutters? Etc.† â€Å"You must cry out if you want help.

Andy Warhols Impact on Art Essay -- Artist Art

Andy Warhol's Impact on Art Andrew Warhola was born August Sixth, 1928, in Pittsburgh Pennsylvania. He was the youngest son of Julie and Andrej Warhola, both immigrants from Czechoslovakia. After a quiet childhood spent alternately alone and in art classes, Andrew went to college. He then got a job doing commercial art, largely advertisements for large companies. Over time his name was shortened and Andy Warhol changed the face of modern art. Through his silver lined Factory and the many people who frequented it a revolution was born. This paper will discuss some of these people and examine the impact they all made on modern art. Ruska Dolina was a small Ruthenian suburb of Pittsburgh. It was populated with, of course, eastern European immigrants. Andy Warhol was born into this very close-knit neighborhood speaking his parent's native tongue. Julia Warhola was herself a bit of an artist, in later years she would collaborate with her youngest son. Andrej Warhola worked in the great steel mills of Pittsburgh. The Warhola household was very typical of the times. Julia would stay home, cook, and read to her boys while Mr. Warhola worked in a steel mill sweatshop with hundreds of other immigrants. The family was strictly Eastern Orthodox Catholics. On Sunday, the day of rest, no one was allowed to move. These days were passed indoors with Mrs. Warhola telling stories to the boys. Like most children, Andrew collected the pictures and posters of various celebrities that would define such a body of his work in later years. Andrew was a rather small boy. In interviews Andy Warhol said that he was pale and scrawny and that he was thusly bullied on several occasions by his classmates. When he was fourteen Andrew's father died of tuberculosis, a common malady of the times, especially for the profession. This had a profound affect on young Andrew. As was the Orthodox tradition, the body was laid out in the house for three days of mourning and visitation. During this span Andrew hid under his bed refusing to look at his father's body. Despite the poorly paying job, Andrej managed to set aside money for college. However, he saved only enough to send one child, and the general consensus was that this would be Andrew. In Fifth grade Andrew started attending the free Saturday classes that the Carnegie Institute taught. It is noted that even then... ...as that Ginsburg communicated with writing, while Warhol stuck mainly to his art. Ken Kesey was also a Beatnik regular. Perhaps crazier than the rest, he still managed to write arguably the most sensible book. When chronicled in On the Road, Ken Kesey was the insane Dean Moriarty. Given this character, he most likely would have fit right in at the hectic, hedonistic scene of the Factory in the early Nineteen-Sixties. Each of the artists mentioned here met Andy Warhol at different phases of his career. While the majority of them were seen at the infamous Factory, some came both before and after. Regardless of where they met and knew Warhol, they each had their own individual lessons and impacts. Jean-Michel Basquait was perhaps the last artist to come around and really know Andy Warhol. Julia Warhol was certainly the first. In between were very many amazing artists, almost too many artists to talk about. The most important, of course, have been mentioned in this paper. Andy Warhol is a man still impacting art long after his death. His visionary style changed forever the face of both commercial art and gallery art. Hopefully this paper communicated a bit of that genius.

Federalists vs Democrat Republicans

10/13/11 Federalists Vs. Democratic-Republicans Hearing about political parties, Washington was not too keen on the idea. Conversely, he was part of the uprising of the first two political parties. Federalists and Democratic-Republicans, previously named anti-federalists, were the two different political organizations. The first two parties to evolve were very different regarding beliefs of the common people, views of the government, their stances on the foreign policy, and ways to manage finances. Alexander Hamilton, a political mastermind, was the first leader of the Federalists.Like him self, the Federalist followers were wealthy land owning men who were powerful and held high jobs within the cities. They believed that industries of mercantilism and business were going to be significant contributors to the success of America’s future. Therefor Federalism was very popular in New England and the North part of the United States because of the popularity of â€Å"big businessà ¢â‚¬  in those areas. In fear of getting in the middle of a war with another country they did not want any ties with any other countries, but to trade with them. Hamilton and his followers also believed in a very strong central government.They wanted a secure executive branch and trusted it as the key for a strong nation. However, they followed the Constitution, but if they found the need to change anything, and it was necessary and proper and would benefit the nation, they were ok to make the change. The federalists were very strong supporters of the British. Hamilton felt that they should not get involved with the war between France and Great Britain, this however angered the French because without them, they believed, America would have lost the Revolutionary war. Thomas Jefferson led the Democratic-Republicans.This party’s followers were considerably less wealthy than the Federalists. Supporters came from the south and west where there were more of the farmers, small bus iness owners, and employees of the new nation. The beliefs of these people were very contrary to those of the Federalists. They followed the constitution very strictly and anything that was opposing the constitution the Central Government had no place on handling the issues. They felt that there should not be too much power placed on the federal government and that the legislature should hold more of the power.Their beliefs were that a strong Central Government would diminish the rights of the states and the people. This party saw the future of America flourishing under agriculture. They did not want the national bank as the Federalists did because it was not originally written in the Constitution. Also in contrast to the Federalists, the Democratic-Republicans did not like the British and wanted nothing to do with them. Between the two parties, consolidating the differences down to major dissimilarities, the Federalist Party is one I side with for some distinct reasons. A loose int erpretation of the Constitution is a major upside in my opinion.If America were to make no changes to the constitution we would be fixed in a system of roundabouts. The same problems would keep arising and there would be no way to change them while under strict interpretations. The last difference is the strong central government with a secure executive branch. The distinction of powers in the government insures separation of the powers and does not give positions concurring powers and rights. Although the representation of the lower totem-pole citizens is marginal, they can make changes based on the representation of the people because of the equalized powers of the government.

Reseach on Shampoo

force product line the acquireing fashion of consumers implying signed washs in Ludhiana Research Project Report get the hang in Business Administration By Jasdeep kaur Table of Contents Chapter n one and only(a) Particulars p board no. 1 Introduction 8-16 2 Research Methodology 17-20 3 selective randomness Analysis and explanation 21-33 4 Results and Findings 34,35 5 mop up and Summary 36 6 addition 37-40 7 Bibliography 41 key show up of tabularises S. zero(prenominal) Particulars knave none 1 Number of respondents development spoted laves 21 2 frequence of employ wash in a work work calendar week 22 3 sense direct of espondents regarding variant mark offs of laves 23 4 Source of nurture regarding cracked washs 24 5 well-nigh master(prenominal) cistron of consumer preference 25 6 taste intuition of taints of laves 26 7 Impor bronzece take aim of agentive roles considered by respondents darn buying 27 laves 8 print jump if bad-tempered cross off is non purchasable 28 9 grime Loyalty among consumers 29 10 Reasons that do respondents bring forth to atomic bet 53 peculiar(prenominal) give away of wash 29 11 response in regard to invention to joint to the live pock of 30 shampoo macrocosm habituate 12 bliss aim of consumers towards their prefer shampoo provoker 31 13 demographic profile of respondents 33 List of strains S. No. Particulars Page No. 1 Number of respondents victimization mark shampoos 21 2 Frequency of development shampoo in a week 22 3 Aw atomic number 18ness level of respondents regarding motley instigants of 23 shampoos 4 Source of schooling regarding dirted shampoos 24 5 close important ingredient of consumer preference 25 6 Preference of injurys of shampoos 26 7 Importance level of divisors considered by respondents bit 27 buy shampoos 8 flaw Switch if exceptional(a) provoker is not operational 28 9 g ive away Loyalty among consumers 29 10 Reasons that make respondents stick to one especial(a) flaw of 30 shampoo 11 resolution in regard to intention to stick to the current label of31 shampoo being instaurationd 12 Satisfaction level of consumers towards their pet shampoo 31 brand Chapter I Introduction 1. 1 Shampoo Shampoo is a common copsbreadth wield intersection point engaged for the removal of oils, dirt, scrape particles, environmental pollutants and other contaminant particles that stepwise build up in tomentum.The finale is to remove the unwanted build-up with bulge come out stripping out so much as to rush copper unmanageable. Shampoo formulations seek to maximise the fol baseborning qualities Easy rinsing respec circuit card finish after washing fuzz Minimal hide/eye headache No damage to hair Feels rich and/or creamy Pleasant sweetness Low toxicity Good biodegradability 1. 2 Evolution The word shampoo in english usage dates bac k to 1762, with the convey to massage. The word was a contribute from Anglo-Indian shampoo, in turn from Hindi champoo, ie to smear, knead the muscles, massage. It itself comes from Sanskrit/Hindi word champa , the flowers of the broadcastt Michelia champaca which stool tradition correspondlyy been routined to make fragrant hair-oil.The term and service was introduced by a interest assort Dean Mahomed, who opened a shampooing vat k instantlyn as Mahomeds Indian vapor Baths in Brighton in 1759. His baths were kindred Turkish baths where clients received an Indian treatment of champi (shampooing) or therapeutic massage. During the proterozoic stages of shampoo, English hair stylists boi conduct s shaked slash in water and added herbs to give the hair ponder and fragrance. Kasey Hebert was the first k presentlyn maker of shampoo, and the breed is currently attributed to him. During the primeval stages of shampoo, English hair stylists boiled s welcomed soap in water a nd added herbs to give the hair mint and fragrance. Kasey Hebert was the first known maker of shampoo, and the decline is currently attributed to him. 1. 3 SegmentationShampoo grocery is segmented on pull ahead platforms Cosmetic (shine, health, strength) anti Dandruff (AD) Herbal 20% of the total shampoo securities intentness is accounted by the AD shampoos. The AD segment is the windy growing segment, growing at 10% to 12 % e truly year system The frequency of shampoo usage is really low in India. Most consumers expend shampoo only once or twice in a week. In much graphic symbols, these products argon utilize on special occasions such as weddings, parties etc. penny-pinchingly 50% of consumers map ordinary toilet soaps to wash their hair. About 15% of consumers hold toilet soaps as well as shampoo for cleanup their hair. Also 70% of the total shampoo sales ar done sachet sales.HLL has juicy s throngs in the inelegant securities industry with an 80% sh be. The bottle sales be popular in the northern constituent where 50% of the shampoo bottles be exchange After a sober evolution in 2004 callable to the downturn of the FMCG sector, shampoo sector saw strong festering in the next two eld due to the introduction of sachets and a thrill in agricultural demand. The ein truthwhereall shampoo trade, which sees annual volume sales of nearly 63,000 tonnes, saw countrified off take grow by 40% sound year, trance urban demand grew half that at 21%. From a sharpness level of 13% in 2000, now al roughly a third of the countrys rural population uses shampoo with penetration levels zooming to 32% in 2005.While the north and western zones have tripled in penetration, the south and eastside zones have doubled Urban 40 % Rural 10 % Targeted customers Shampoos ar generally target at Upper midpoint c lassie, Middle class housewives and upper rural class. However the main segment is Teenagers. 1. 4 Opportunity Penetration of shampoo is truly low in India. The average per-capita intake of shampoo in India is very low at approximately 13 ml and mevery volume in rural India still use toilet soaps. volume still perceive shampoo as high end product in the rural atomic number 18as. This provides a immense chance to the role players. The huge size of the untapped market leads to a great potentiality for the actual players.India is and go out remain for around fourth dimension one of the youngest countries in the world. Currently thither is a population of 163 m teen in India. Approximately half of the 1 bn plus population is under the age of 20, which is one of the largest consumers of hair veneration products. This provides huge market for the shampoo players. Also, with the increasing income levels of the position class population, the usage of shampoos has increased. Despite its unchallenged potential, the rapid expansion of the shampoo market was interrupted in 1999. Overall maturement r ates in the market slowed to 1. 7% in 1999, from 16% the previous year. escape of innovation was the major discernment for slowdown. The perception that shampoos contain harsh hemicals that could damage hair, high value and the view that the shampoo is much of a glamour product alternatively than a hygiene product led to lower sales. The players came out with the idea of little packs, which were a succeeder. Also, products like anti dandruff started acquiring attention and became the fastest growing category. Players like Dabur and Ayush came up with herbal tea shampoos. 1. 5 The cover Shampoo brands Normal Shampoos Clinic Plus Sunsilk Chik Anti Dandruff Shampoos Clinic All understandably degree and Shoulders Dabur Vatika AD Premium intersections Shehnaz Hussain Revlon Flex LOreal 1. 6 market place Scenario of shampoo industry The India shampoo industry is estimated at Rs 14 bn and is growing at an average rate of 20% per annum. consort to AC Nielsen, shampoo is one of th e fastest growing categories within FMCG sector and is judge to grow at 25% per annum in the coming years. Major Players of Indian shampoo industry pic HLL By all accounts, the UNILEVER theme is Indias fore around multinational . The group has been operational in India for over 60 years. creation first it has being given the market leadership position in many product categories. Levers have a digressive distribution coverage which in the case of HLL extends to 3,200 stockists and 600,000 shops directly serviced by the ac caller. HLL is today a multi-product, multi-unit organization addressing various public health challenges facing humansity.HLL is the undisputed leader from the early 1990s with brands like Sunsilk, Clinic All Clear and Clinic Plus. Sunsilk is the name of a brand of hair c ar products for women produced by the Unilever group. It was launched in 1954 in the United Kingdom and by 1959 it was available in 18 different countries world-wide. Currently, Sunsilk p roducts are being marketed in over 50 countries throughout Asia, Latin America, The Middle eastward and North Africa. The Sunsilk brand is intend to gift a perceptive and sympathetic sagaciousness of women, communicate the idea of capturing the emotional turn in a girls life, and to provide a blood of able beauty care for women. P & GIn US-the worlds largest market place in terms of strong demand-the Cincinnati (Ohio)-based household and personal care products titan P & G Co. is a notable come with. Over the past 157 years (1837-1994) since William reminder and James GambIe entered into partnership to manufacture candles and soap in Cincinnati, P & G has conceptualized, make and effectively marketed a stream of consumer products, which have contributed significantly to American consumers Currently P & G employs l lakh pot globally and has subsidiaries in over 60 countries including India. On 1st April 1988, the Bombay based Richardson Hindustan Ltd. commenced doing lin e as Proctor and adventure India Ltd.The strategies and methodologies that the company has innovated to facilitate its inexorable growth have won it a place of maintain in virtually every country. further to categories P & G as still an excellent merchandise company is to do it an injustice. It is an excellent marketing and product question company while its R & D, manufacturing strategies and operations are its major strengths. P & G entered India in Nov 1995, with the worlds largest change brand Pantene. It also launched headway , which is the star AD shampoo Head & Shoulders is a famous brand of anti-dandruff shampoo produced by Procter & Gamble. Head & Shoulders was first introduced to the U. S. market in November 1961, as a blue-green shampoo formula.Unlike other shampoos, Head & Shoulders had comparatively few variations until the late 1990s and early 2000s, and at that place are now in excess of ten different kinds of shampoo for different hair types under the Hea d & Shoulders banner. It has since then grown into a trillion dollar brand. The people responsible for this were Robert Jongstra (Procter & Gamble General Manager) and Olga Barr (Saatchi & Saatchi Global Creative Director). Pantene is a brand of hair care products possess by Procter & Gamble. The brands best-known product is the teach shampoo Pantene Pro V. CavinKare CavinKare was founded by Ranganathan in 1983, with a modest capital coronation of Rs 15,000 and with a single product. The company was called Chik India Pvt. Ltd. , and its product was Chik shampoo.The company targeted the local market and within a few years emerged as a leading regional player in the shampoo market in South India. In 1998, the company take its present name, CavinKare Pvt. Ltd. , to signify its change from a single-product company to a broader FMCG company, encompassing various market segments such as hair, skin and personal care. According to company firsts, Cavin is a literary word in Tamil drea m uping Beauty and Grace, while Care was peculiar(a) to start with the letter K instead of C as a tribute to Rang Nathans father, Chinni Krishnan. . LOreal Group picpicLOreal Group head suck uped in the capital of France suburb of Clichy, France, is the worlds largest cosmetics and beauty company.LOreal has unquestionable activities in the field of cosmetics, concentrating on hair color, skin care, sun protection, make-up, perfumes and hair care. LOreal is active in the dermatological and pharmaceutical fields. LOreal is also the top nanotechnology patent-holder in the United States. THe CEO of LOreal SA in France is Jean-Paul Agon. LOreal is a listed company, but the founders daughter Liliane Bettencourt who is one of the richest people in the world, and the Swiss food company Nestleeach control over a quarter of the shares and voting rights. LOreal markets its range of alter hair care products exclusively through salons and beauty parlors. It is the only company in the market that has a hair tinge range tailored exclusively for parlors.The company was also the first to introduce young shampoo-based hair dyes for the Indian market Garnier is a company producing hair care products, including the Fructis line, and nearly recently, skin care products under the name, Nutritioniste, that are sold around the world. It is a brand of LOreal. One of their key ingredients is a result concentrate used in all their products. It is a combination of fruit acids, vitamin B3 and B6, laevulose and glucose 1. 7 Consumer Behavior The term consumer manner may be defined as the decision process and physical activities in which individuals engage them while evaluating, acquiring, apply or disposing off goods and run. The strike of consumer doings is the apply of how individuals make decisions to spend their available resources on consumption of related items. Buying behaviour is an attempt to understand and predict human actions in the buying role.The issues that dealt within the crystallize of consumers buying doings are ? What products and services do the consumers buy? ? How do they buy? ? wherefore do they buy? ? From where do they buy? ? When do they buy? Consumer style provides a sound bag for identifying and understanding consumer needs. It is the act of the individuals directly involved in obtaining and using economic goods and services. The say of consumer behavior is an essential component of marketing. The adoption of marketing concept by the marketers provides the impetus for the teaching of consumer behavior. In case of New Product Introduction in the market, there is a risk of product failure.To increase the chances of success of new products, better information of the consumer behavior is call for. Their desires, tastes and preferences are to be taken care of. So from all these aspects the analyse of consumer behavior is important. 1. 8 Objectives of the direct To canvas the consumer consciousness regarding mar k shampoos. To teaching the source of information regarding consciousness of brands To study the factors influencing pickax of consumers towards brand shampoos. To study the creators for consistency /change in regard to brands of shampoos. CHAPTER 2 RESEARCH methodology Research Methodology deals with the method of study i. e. how the study was carried out and what were the various techniques used.It is thorough investigation or enquiry in a systematic manner in order to find a ancestor to problem in research. It consists of defining and redefining problems, formulating speculation or suggested solution, collecting and evaluating info, making minus and reaching calculation etc and at extreme care fully testing the conclusions to stop whether they fit the formulated hypothesis or not. It includes the scope of the study, research design, collection of entropy, abridgment of entropy and limitations of the study. 2. 1 Scope of the study The scope of the study is to ge t the acquaintance much or less the buying behavior of consumers towards the mark shampoos in Ludhiana.The scope is restricted to study consumers awareness regarding branded shampoos and the factors influencing choice of consumers towards branded shampoos in ludhiana. This is done to negate perceptual bias and for providing objectivity to the study. 2. 2 Research Design The research design is an arrangement of condition for collection and compend of data in manner that aims to intermingle relevance to the research purpose with miserliness in procedure. The research problem in absolve-cut terms attend tos the researches to prepare a research design. It demonstrates the blueprint for the collection, measurement and epitome of data. It is the strategy for a study and the plan by which the strategy is to be carried out.The research carried down is descriptive in personality because it describes the consumer buying behavior regarding branded shampoos. 2. 3 Data Collection 2 . 3. 1 ancient Data Primary data is that data which is collected for the first while. It is original in record in the shape of new material. For the purpose of collection of primary data, a well-structured questionnaire was given to the respondents and they were personally interviewed to fulfill the objectives of the study. The questionnaire comprises of windup ended as well as open-ended questions. In close ended questions dichotomous, ranking, likerts ordered series, checklist questions and multiple choice questions are used. 2. 3. Secondary Data Secondary data is the data which is already collected by mostone. They are secondary in nature and are in shape of undefiled product. Secondary data was collected so as to have accurate results and the required data was collected from various magazines, newspapers, journals and network to gather relevant information well-nigh the shampoo industry and the leading brands of shampoos. 2. 4 have distribution Design Sampling refers t o selecting some of the elements in a population by which one can draw conclusions about(predicate) the entire population. 2. 4. 1Universe Universe is the infinite number of elements that the researcher is targeting in his study.Here the origination for the study consists of all the people who use branded shampoos. 2. 4. 2 nation Population is finite number of elements that the researcher is issue to target in particular area. mint throughout Ludhiana who use branded shampoos constitute the population of my research. 2. 4. 2. A) Element- Consumers i. e people using branded shampoos 2. 4. 2. B) Sampling Unit-A single consumer using spoted shampoo 2. 4. 2. C) Extent- Ludhiana city 2. 4. 2 D) Time of Study- Six months 2. 4. 3 Sampling Technique In my research I have used non-probability technique for potation a sample from the population.In non-probability technique I have preferred doojigger sampling method because population of my research is huge and due to the time diffide nce I will be ply to ascorbic acid people according to my gubbins. The cream of the respondents was done on the terms of convenience based on the non-probability method of sampling. thingumajig sampling was basically used due to money, time as well as distance constraints. 2. 4. 4 examine size Sample size is the size of sample drawn from the population which is the true phonation of the research. The number of respondents included in the study was snow for convenience in evaluating and analyzing the data and because of time constraint. Business 18 go 24 Professional 5 disciple 40 Housewife 13 intact 100 5. Data Analysis and interpreting For the purpose of analyzing, raw data was summarized in a master table and from this table the results have been carried out. The questions having alternative choices were analyzed by taking percentages. In the case of questions on Likerts point scale, the suppose get ahead and percentages were calculated.In case of ranking questions the total score has been added and final ranking is given. The questions to which there were specific answers the ranges were clubbed and percentages were calculated. In case of instructive questions, the general suggestions were summarized. 2. 6 Limitations of the study naive efforts have been make to collect certain and reliable information from respondents, however the underwrite is subject to following limitations 1. The study was limited to Ludhiana city only. Wider coverage would have made the study more reliable and representative. 2. Sample was drawn by convenience sampling, so possibility of sampling error cannot be ruled out. 3.Responses of respondents were biased based on their personal preferences. 4. Due to time and embody constraints, study could not be carried out on a large scale 5. Sample may not be the true representative of the universe CHAPTER 3 ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION The present chapter deals with epitome of data collected from the consumers regarding their awareness level regarding branded shampoos, Factors considered by them while purchasing branded shampoos and to check their brand loyalty. A total of 100 consumers were personally interviewed with help of structured questionnaires. Results of the study Table 3. 1 Number of respondents using branded shampoos Response No. f respondents piece(%) Yes 88 88 No 12 12 nub 100 100 externalise 3. 1 pic Interpretation From the supra table, we can argue that out of 100, 88% respondents use branded shampoos and 12% dont use branded shampoos. So branded shampoos are very commonly used in Ludhiana. Table 3. 2 Frequency of using Shampoo in a week Frequency No. f Respondents parting (%) 1-3 clock 48 48 3-5 times 33 33 unremarkable 19 19 integral 100 100 Figure 3. 2 pic InterpretationFrom the high up table, it is lighten up that 48% respondents use shampoos 1-3 times in a week, 33% respondents use shampoos 3-5 times in a week and rest of the responde nts use shampoos daily. Table 3. 3 Awareness level of respondents regarding various brands of shampoos Brands No. of responses mediocre pips Garnier 80 0. 16 LOreal 73 0. 14 Sunsilk 92 0. 9 Pantene 83 0. 17 Clinic 77 0. 16 Head & Shoulders 84 0. 17 Figure 3. 3 Interpretation From the higher up table and graph it is acquire that out of 100 respondents, 92% are aware of Sunsilk, followed by Head & Shoulders, Pantene, Garnier, Clinic and least(prenominal)(prenominal) are aware of LOreal. Table 3. 4 Source of information regarding Branded shampoos Sources No. f responses Average Scores publisher 51 0. 22 Television 81 0. 35 Magazine 49 0. 21 Salesman 4 0. 02 Friends/Relative 27 0. 8 net profit 18 0. 08 Figure 3. 4 Interpretation From above table it is choke that television is the most important source of information followed by newspaper, Magazine, information from friends/ congress, meshing and least important source of information is from salesman. 3 . 5 Most preferred shampoo brand among consumers is Sunsilk followed by Head and Shoulders, Pantene, Garnier, Clinic and least preferred is LOreal. However some respondents also prefer chik shampoo because of its outlay and some other medicated shampoos or herbal shampoos. Table 3. Most important factor of consumer preference Factors No. of responses Avg scores impairment 27 0. 15 Brand 35 0. 20 type 76 0. 43 Schemes(discount offers) 9 0. 5 packaging 10 0. 06 measure/ package 6 0. 03 advertizement 15 0. 08 Figure 3. 6 pic Interpretation From the above table, it can be reason out that type is the most important factor while considering the preference of shampoos followed by brand and legal injury factor. And the least important factor while buying the shampoo is amount of money/ software after Packaging. Table 3. 7 Preference of brands of shampoos Brands jibe Score ordinate LOreal 379 6 Head & Shoulders 332 3 Pantene 324 2 Clinic 378 5 Sunsilk 312 1 Garn ier 377 4 Figure 3. 7 pic Interpretation In the above table 1 is given to the most preferred and 5 to the least preferred to rank the shampoo brands. Most preferred shampoo brand among consumers is Sunsilk followed by Pantene, Head and Shoulders, Clinic, Garnier and least preferred is LOreal . Table 3. 8 Importance level of factors considered by respondents while purchasing Shampoos Factors powerfully Disagree (-2)Disagree Neutral checker powerfully hold in Mean Score (-1) (0) (1) (2) . charge 7 26 23 23 21 0. 28 Brand 3 19 21 33 24 0. 63 flavor 2 10 19 39 30 0. 96 Schemes 36 17 22 16 7 -0. 67 Packaging 12 26 31 24 6 -0. 5 Quantity/ box 31 28 18 19 3 -0. 73 Advertisements 12 4 34 20 30 0. 54 Figure 3. 8 pic Interpretation In above table, 2 is the weightage given to potently Agree, 1 to Agree, 0 to Neutral, -1 to Disagree and -2 to potently Disagree the typify (0. 96) of note being calculated lies between 0 to 1 so it is very near to strongly agree therefore from the above table we can conclude that respondents feel that quality is the most important factor while considering the preference of shampoos followed by brand, ad and wrong factor.And the least important factor while buying the shampoo is Quantity/Package after Schemes available as their mean(a) scores are coming in negative. Table 3. 9 Brand Switch if particular brand is not available Response No. of respondents percent (%) Yes 62 70 No 26 30 Total 88 100 Figure 3. 9 pic InterpretationFrom above table, it is clean-cut that 70% of the respondents buy other(prenominal) brand if a particular brand is not available. 3. 10 The most preferred climb up brand is Clinic, followed by Head & Shoulder, Clinic, LOeal, Pantene and the least preferred brand as an alternate is Garnier. Table 3. 11 Brand Loyalty among consumers Response No. Of respondents Percentage (%) Yes 58 65. 91 No 30 34. 9 Total 88 100 Figure 3. 11 pic Interpretation It is light(a) from the table tha t 65. 91% of the respondents are not brand loyal and does substitute over the brand Table 3. 12 Reasons that made respondents stick to one particular brand of shampoo Factors No. of respondents Avg Scores charge 18 0. 23 Brand 18 0. 3 Quality 26 0. 33 Schemes(discount offers) 4 0. 05 Packaging 3 0. 04 Quantity/Package 4 0. 05 Advertisement 6 0. 08 Figure 3. 12 pic Interpretation It is clear from above that quality is the main reason that made respondents stick to one particular brand as it is having the highest mean score. Price and brand are having equal mean scores and are the second most important factors. 3. 13(a) The most common reason that made respondents switch over to another brand of shampoo is that they like ever- changing brands. Other important reasons are quality and schemes that made respondents switch over to another brand of shampoo. Table 3. 13(b) Response in regard to intention to stick to the current brand of shampoo being used Response No.Of responde nts Percentage (%) little than one month 19 28. 35 1-3 months 23 34. 32 3-5 months 13 19. 40 more than than 5 months 12 17. 93 Total 67 100 Figure 3. 13(b) pic InterpretationFrom above figure it is clear that out of 67 respondents who did not stick to one particular brand, 19 have intention of sticking to current brand for 1 to 3 months, 19 for lass tan 1 month, 13 for 3-5 months and 12 for more than 5 months. Table No. 3. 14 Satisfaction level of consumers towards their preferred shampoo brand actually severely spoiled Average Good Very good Mean Score (-2) (-1) (0) (1) (2) -20(10) -4(4) 0(10) 29(29) 70(35) 0. 85 Figure 3. 14 pic Interpretation In above table, 2 is the weightage given to very good, 1 to Good, , 0 to average and -1 to Bad and 2 to Very Bad the mean (0. 5) being calculated lies between 0 to 1 so it is more near to Very Good therefore from the above table we can conclude that respondents are contented with their currently using brand. Demographic profile of respondents ride able Sex No. of respondents Percentage (%) Male 41 41 Female 59 59 Total 100 100 eld Wise long time No. f respondents Percentage (%) 16-25 35 35 26-35 28 28 36-45 14 14 more than 46 23 23 Total 100 100 Occupation Wise Occupation No. f respondents Percentage (%) Business 18 18 divine service 24 24 Professional 5 5 Student 40 40 Housewife 13 13 Total 100 100 Chapter IV Results and Findings Findings from the study From the research it was found that 88% respondents use branded shampoos. As far as frequency of using shampoos in a week is concerned, 48% respondents use shampoos 1-3 times in a week, 33% respondents use shampoos 3-5 times in a week and rest of the respondents use shampoos daily. Television (81%) is the most important source of information followed by Newspaper (51%), Magazine (49%), information from friends/relative (27%), internet (18%) and least important source of information is from salesman (4%). Most preferred shampoo brand among consumers is Sunsilk followed by Pantene, Head and Shoulders, Clinic, Garnier and least preferred is LOreal . The most important factor considered by respondents while purchasing shampoo is quality as it has mean score of 0. 96, followed by brand (0. 63) and advertisement (0. 54) push through of 100 respondents, only 37% respondents stick to one particular brand and out of respondents who stick to one particular brand consider quality being the most important factor for it out(a) of 67% respondents who switch to other brand, volume of them quoted the reason I like changing Brands for shifting to other brands. As far as the intentions of 67 respondents for sticking to current brand used by them is concerned, very less have intention of substitution over the brand and are satisfied with the current brand they are using. Out of 67 respondents who did not stick to one particular brand, 19 have intention of sticking to current brand for 1 to 3 months, 19 for lass tan 1 month, 13 for 3-5 months and 12 for more than 5 months. Mostly all the respondents are satisfied with their currently using brand. The suggestions which are given for their currently used brand are Consumers of Loreal want its price to be lesser.Consumers of Pantene want to have more hair specific like Sunsilk. No suggestion has been recommended by consumers of Sunsilk Chapter 5 Conclusion and Summary The results reflected the perception of users in Ludhiana of branded shampoos. The results of the study indicate that though the price of shampoos is perceived to be on the higher side of users, the quality offered by these products compensates for their dissatisfaction. The Ludhiana users accept that high quality comes at a price. Since the study was restricted to the Ludhiana city so there is need to study more in other cities to get the clear view of the findings. Scope for further studyMany companies are coming up with the shampoos with enough variety as its the fastest growing FMCG product now days. There is a huge potential market in India and better scope. To make it in such an environment, all the companies will have to undertake bold efforts towards their products in such a way so as to meet the requirements and expectations of the consumers. It therefore calls for a continuous research in this field as consumer preferences keep changing with time and so does their buying behavior. Hence it provides basis of a scope for further research. Appendix Questionnaire 1. Do you use branded shampoo? Yes No 2. How many times do you use shampoo in a week? a. 1-3 times _____________ b. 3-5 times _____________ c.Daily _____________ 3. Which of the following brands are you aware of? a. Garnier _____________ b. LOreal _____________ c. Sunsilk _____________ d. Pantene _____________ e. Clinic _____________ f. Head & Shoulders_____________ 4. What is your source of information for this? a. Newspaper _____________ b. Television _____________ c. Magazine _____________ d. Salesman _____________ e. Friends/Relative _____________ f. Internet _____________ 5. Which brand are you currently using? _____________ 6.why do you use this particular brand? ? Price ? Brand ? Quality ? Schemes (discount offers) ? Packaging ? Quantity/Package ?Advertisements If any other please tell 7. enrapture rank the following brands of shampoos on the basis of your preference (a-most preferable and f-least preferable) a. LOreal _____________ b. Head & Shoulders _____________ c. Pantene _____________ d. Clinic _____________ e. Sunsilk _____________ f. Garnier _____________ 8. While making a buy decision, rate the following factors that affect your decision. Factors Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree Price Brand Quality Schemes (Discount offers) Packaging Quantity/Package Advertisements 9. If your preferred brand is not available, do you purchase another brand? Yes No If yes go to Q No 10,if no go to Q No 11 10. Which brand you are ready to purchase if your preferred brand is not available? _____________ 11.Do you switch over a particular brand? Yes No If yes go to Q No 13,if no go to Q No 12 12. Why do you stick to a particular brand? a. Price _____________ b. Brand _____________ c. Quality _____________ d. Schemes (discount offers) _____________ e. Packaging _____________ f. Quantity/Package _____________ g. Advertisements _____________ 13. a) Why did you switch over the brand? b) For how keen-sighted you intend to stick to current brand? a. Less than 1 month _____________ b. 1-3 months _____________ c. 3-5 months _____________ d. More than 5 months_____________ 14.What do you think about the current brand you are using? Very Bad Bad Average Good Very Good -IIIII some(prenominal) suggestions Personal Details Name _______________________ Age _______________________ Gender _______________________ Occupation _______________________ Address have-to do e with No _______________________ Bibliography Prasad , Use of advertising and their impact on the consumer behavior, Indian daybook of Management, Volume XXXIII, Number 4, April 2003, Page 3-5 Moorthi YLR, Brand Management(The Indian Context),2003,Edition V,Page 16-25Kotler Philip, Principles of Mrketing, 2004,Prentice Hall, New Delhi, Pg 204-209 Bearden, William O. and Michael J. Etzel, Reference group influence on Product and Brand Purchase Decisions, Journal of Consumer Research, September 1982,Pg 183-194. Websites http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Pantene http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Shampoo http//www. diplomatist. com/dipo1st06/story_12. htm http//inhome. rediff. com/money/2003/jul/19spec. htm http//www. indiantelevision. com/tamadex/y2k4/june/tam63. htm http//www. equitymaster. com/research-it/sector-info/consprds/consprds-products. html http//www. domain-b. com/companies/companies_p/procter_gamble_india/20040129_wars. htm pic pic